1. The epidemic law of sand skin Mainly endangered leaves and young fruits from late March to early May From mid-February to mid-June, it is mainly harmful to new leaves and fruits, mostly based on harmful fruits. Leaves, shoots, trunks and fruits will be harmful in 3.7-8 months. The main problem in May is the damage to leaves and fruits. 2, the main factors inducing smut 1. The freeze at the end of the year, the next year. 2. The orchard has poor ventilation conditions and long-term humidity is easy to develop. 3. Suitable temperature. Resin disease is most prevalent in April-September because the development temperature of resin pathogens is 15-30 °C, and rain is abundant and easy to develop. 4. The tree is weak and easy to develop. In particular, soil acidity, viscosity, sanding and other reasons, is not conducive to the growth of fruit trees caused by weak trees. 5. Calcium deficiency, silicon tree is easy to develop. 6. Mechanical damage and freezing damage of the tree cause a large number of wounds to be susceptible to disease. 7. Partial application of nitrogen fertilizer will aggravate the occurrence of this disease. 8. The rain is too much, the temperature is suitable, and the disease is spread. Wind and rain is conducive to the spread of pathogen spores, but also affects the timely fight against drugs, increasing the difficulty of disease prevention. 9. The winter clearing garden is not thorough, thus providing a source of disease for the coming year. 3. Scientific control methods for smut disease Adhere to the principle of "agricultural prevention and control, chemical prevention and control, and annual management is not relaxed." It’s not feasible to solve the problem by spraying a few times. 1. Prevention and treatment methods 1. Strengthen cultivation management, earnestly grasp the work of Qingyuan, reduce the base of the disease source, prevent cold and freeze in winter, and reduce wounds. 2. Strengthen the water and fertilizer management of the orange garden soil, increase the application of organic fertilizer, and enhance the tree potential. 3, grasp the pruning, cut off the diseased branches, burned intensively, and eliminated the source of the disease. 4, in the spring bud germination, Xiehua 2 / 3, fruit expansion period, the timing of spraying pesticides . 　 2, drug selection 1. Spring and summer rainy season: the main protective fungicide for rain-resistant; 2. The season when the fruit is inflated with less rain: the fungicide with strong internal absorption is the main. 4, matters needing attention in drug control 1. The results of many years of pharmaceutical testing show that: during the infestation period of smut disease, especially in the rainy season, the protection of bactericide during one month is not effective. 2, spring rain for a long time, the use of poor adhesion and non-protective fungicides anti-disease effect is certainly poor. 3. After the late pathogen has invaded the tree tissue, it is wrong to use a protective fungicide alone. It should be considered that the internal absorption conductive fungicide is mainly used, and the protective fungicide is supplemented to achieve better results. 5, drug prevention and interpretation 1, triazole fungicide It has a strong killing rate against the pathogen of smut, and the activity of flusilazole (for export caution) is the best, followed by difenoconazole, and the lethal concentration of tebuconazole and difenoconazole is similar. 2. Benzimidazole fungicides Although old drugs, such as methyl thiophanate and carbendazim, the effect on smut is still outstanding. 3, copper preparation fungicide In winter and early spring, the effect of controlling winter smut is particularly good. Therefore, it is economical and economical to kill the winter smut bacteria with Bordeaux liquid or copper preparations in winter. 4, pyraclostrobin ester fungicide The protective effect is obvious, the effect is better before the pathogen is not infested, and the protection time is relatively long, but it is not suitable to add silicone when used. 5, no systemic protective fungicide Agents such as mancozeb, propyl zinc, and prochloraz, are used to protect the bacteria before they are infested. 6, double bismuth salt fungicide It is very sensitive to smut, but it is easy to fail. If this problem is solved, it is ideal for controlling citrus dermatosis. 6, chemical control time The orchard with serious smut disease should be sprayed according to different conditions from March to September, and it can be grasped in the Xiehua period (mid-April) and after 2 physiology (June) fruit expansion period (7, 8, In September and winter, the garden will be treated as appropriate. 7, drug selection 1, 80% mancozeb 400-500 times solution; 2, 25% azoxystrobin 1500-2000 times solution; 3, 25% pyraclostrobin 1000-1500 times; 4, 12% fluconazole amide. flucyclazole 2500-3000 times solution 5, 43% tebuconazole 3000 times solution; 6, 70% methyl thiophanate 800 times solution 8, attention to compound mixing When smut disease occurs, it is often necessary to treat other pests at the same time. This requires mixing pesticides, but if the mixture is not properly mixed, it will not only have no effect, but even cause phytotoxicity. The order of the water first agent, the re-emulsion, the resuspension agent, the re-powder, and the re- foliar fertilizer is carried out in the order. Otherwise, the lighter will invalidate the drug, and the severe one will cause phytotoxicity. (Source: Xiaojuan Lamp Crop College)
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