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The combination of the four methods of control of shallots
In order to effectively manage plant health, it is essential to follow the plant protection policy of "prevention first, integrated prevention and control." Emphasizing the concept of "public plant protection" and "green plant protection," we should prioritize agricultural, biological, and physical control methods, while using chemical control in a scientific and rational manner. The use of highly toxic and highly residual pesticides must be strictly prohibited.
Agricultural control involves selecting disease-resistant crop varieties, implementing proper crop rotation, conducting seed treatments, applying fertilizers reasonably, and maintaining good field management. Encouraging the natural enemies of pests and improving the overall resilience of crops are also key strategies. Keeping the farmland clean helps reduce pest populations by limiting their breeding grounds.
Biological control focuses on protecting and promoting the survival of natural predators. Pesticide manufacturers recommend using products with low impact on beneficial organisms, such as Bacillus thuringiensis and agricultural streptomycin, which are both effective and environmentally friendly.
Physical control includes the use of "three lures" technology—installing solar insecticidal lamps every 20–40 mu, placing 20–30 yellow or blue sticky boards per acre, and setting up 2 traps per acre with attractants to capture pests. This method is safe, sustainable, and effective in reducing pest populations without harmful chemicals.
Chemical control should be used only when necessary. For soil disinfection in fields with severe pest or disease problems, a mixture of 50% carbendazim or 70% dipyridamole WP (1–2 kg per acre) combined with 3% phoxim granules (1.5 kg per acre) mixed with fine soil can be applied. All fields should be evenly treated.
For weed control, herbicides like oxyfluorfen or diuron can be applied at the right time after sowing. To manage major pests such as thrips, leaf miners, and cutworms, high-efficiency insecticides like cypermethrin, imidacloprid, and bio-pesticides like avermectin are recommended. For diseases like purple spot and leaf blight, fungicides such as metalaxyl-manganese zinc and difenoconazole can be used in the early stages. Treatments should be repeated every 7–10 days, with 2–3 applications for joint defense. Alternating between different chemicals helps prevent resistance.
For downy mildew, early treatment with mancozeb, metalaxyl-manganese zinc, or dimethomorph is effective. For gray mold, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, and pyrimethanil can be used as preventive measures. These integrated approaches ensure long-term, sustainable plant protection while minimizing environmental impact.