Polymer materials are classified by application

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Polymer materials are classified into rubber, fiber, plastic, polymer adhesive, polymer coating and polymer matrix composite according to their characteristics.

1 Rubber is a type of linear flexible polymer. The molecular valence between the molecular chains is small, the molecular chain is flexible, and large deformation can be produced under the action of external force, and the original force can be quickly restored after the external force is removed. There are two kinds of natural rubber and synthetic rubber.

2 Polymer fibers are classified into natural fibers and chemical fibers. The former refers to silk, cotton, hemp, and hair. The latter is produced by spinning and post-treating using natural polymers or synthetic polymers as raw materials. The fiber has a large secondary power, a small deformation ability, and a high modulus, and is generally a crystalline polymer.

3 Plastics are made of synthetic resin or chemically modified natural polymer as the main component, and then added with fillers, plasticizers and other additives. Its intermolecular parity, modulus and shape variables are between rubber and fiber. They are generally classified into thermosetting plastics and thermoplastics according to the characteristics of synthetic resins; they are further classified into general-purpose plastics and engineering plastics according to their uses.

4 Polymer adhesive is an adhesive material made mainly of synthetic natural polymer compounds. Divided into natural and synthetic adhesives. More applications are synthetic adhesives.

5 polymer coatings are prepared by using a polymer as a main film-forming substance, adding a solvent and various additives. According to different film-forming substances, it is divided into grease coatings, natural resin coatings and synthetic resin coatings.

6 Polymer-based composite material is a composite material prepared by adding various reinforcing materials to a polymer compound. It combines the performance characteristics of the original materials and allows material design as needed. The polymer-compliant material is also called polymer modification, and the modification is divided into molecular modification and blend modification.

7 functional polymer materials. In addition to the general mechanical properties, insulation properties and thermal properties of polymers, functional polymer materials also have special functions such as conversion, magnetism, transfer and storage of matter, energy and information. Practical applications include polymer information conversion materials, polymer transparent materials, polymer mimic enzymes, biodegradable polymer materials, polymer shape memory materials, and medical and pharmaceutical polymer materials.

Polymers can be classified into the above categories depending on their mechanical properties and state of use. However, there is no strict boundary between various types of polymers. The same high polymer can be made into plastic or fiber by different synthesis methods and molding processes, such as nylon. Polyurethanes, such as polyurethanes, have both glassy properties and good elasticity at room temperature, so it is difficult to say whether it is rubber or plastic.

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