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Physicochemical properties and application analysis of sensors
A sensor is a device that converts a physical or chemical quantity into an electrical signal, making it easier to detect, process, and use. These devices play a crucial role in modern technology, enabling accurate monitoring and control of various parameters across different industries.
Sensors can be categorized in several ways based on their function, working principle, and output type. First, by the physical or chemical quantities they measure, sensors include those for displacement, force, speed, temperature, flow, gas composition, and more. Second, based on their working principles, they can be classified as resistive, capacitive, inductive, piezoelectric, Hall-effect, photoelectric, grating, thermocouple, and others. Lastly, according to the nature of their output signals, sensors are divided into switch-type (binary outputs like “1†or “0â€), analog-type, and digital or pulse-type sensors.
In practice, the static characteristic curve of a sensor is often nonlinear rather than a straight line. To simplify readings and ensure uniformity, engineers typically use a fitting line to approximate the actual curve. This approximation introduces a non-linearity error, which is a key performance metric. Common methods for selecting the fitting line include using the theoretical straight line between zero input and full-scale output, or the least squares method, which minimizes the overall deviation from the actual curve.
Sensors have a wide range of applications across many fields. In household appliances such as microwaves, air conditioners, and ovens, infrared temperature sensors are commonly used for safety and efficiency. They are also essential in medical devices, office automation, portable temperature measurement tools, and industrial instrumentation. Beyond just hardware, companies provide complete solutions, including optical lenses, ASICs, and software algorithms tailored to specific needs.
Specialized equipment, such as sensors used in medical, environmental, and meteorological applications, requires components that are compact, cost-effective, and highly reliable. The magnetic flap level gauge is one such example, showing strong market potential.
In industrial automation, sensors monitor process variables like temperature, pressure, flow, and liquid level, as well as mechanical properties such as motion, speed, and load. These sensors are critical for process control and machinery operation.
In the communication electronics sector, the growth of smartphones with advanced features has increased demand for sensors, particularly in cameras, ultrasonic systems, and magnetic field detection.
In the automotive industry, modern vehicles rely heavily on sensors, especially pressure sensors, which are vital for electronic control systems. A typical family car may have dozens of sensors, while luxury models can have over 200.
The resolution of a sensor refers to its ability to detect the smallest change in the measured quantity. If the input changes gradually, the sensor will not respond until the change exceeds a certain threshold.
At Huajiang Automation, we take every customer’s needs seriously and offer expert support to ensure you get the best solutions. Whether you're looking for sensors, modules, or custom systems, our team is here to help. Contact us today for more information!
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