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Photothermal power generation or will become the dominant domestic energy in the future
In mid-July, China's first solar thermal power station was officially connected to the grid in Qinghai, marking a significant milestone in the country’s renewable energy development. This project signifies that China’s independently developed solar thermal power generation technology has entered its initial phase of commercial operation. According to information from the National Energy Administration's website, this is the first large-scale tower-type solar thermal power plant located in Delingha, within the Qaidam Basin. The facility has a total installed capacity of 50 megawatts and was developed by Qinghai Zhongkong Solar Power Co., Ltd. The first phase, which includes a 10-MW unit, has already been integrated into the Qinghai Power Grid, while the second phase, a 40-MW concentrated solar power (CSP) project, is expected to be fully completed by 2014. Once operational, the plant is projected to generate approximately 112.5 million kWh annually, with a peak efficiency of 24%. It is also anticipated to save around 39,400 tons of standard coal each year.
In addition, another demonstration project for solar thermal power generation is set to be completed and launched in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region this October. The total scale of this project is expected to reach 92.5 MW. Although solar thermal energy may not be as widely recognized as photovoltaic technology, it is not unfamiliar to many. A common example is the solar water heater, which uses sunlight to heat water directly. The principle behind solar thermal power generation involves using reflectors to concentrate sunlight onto a solar collecting device, where the heat is used to warm a working fluid. This heated fluid then generates steam, which drives a turbine to produce electricity.
The development of solar thermal power projects in China dates back to 2011, when the country’s first trough-type solar thermal power station, a 50-MW project in Inner Mongolia, was tendered. Datang New Energy Co., Ltd. submitted the lowest bid at 0.9399 yuan per kWh. Over time, through continuous technological innovation and the integration of multiple systems, solar thermal energy has evolved from being a single-source energy option to a multi-energy composite application. This shift aligns with the strategic goals outlined in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for the solar industry.
Industry experts are optimistic about the future of both photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation. Some even believe that in the context of the global low-carbon economy and the new energy revolution, solar thermal power could become one of China’s most dominant energy sources in the coming years.
At the Agrion 2013 Energy and Sustainable Development Summit held at the end of June, Gao Gushi and Qu Xueji from the Chinese Academy of Space Science and Technology presented reports on the development and future prospects of solar thermal power generation and solar thermal conversion technology. According to Qu Xueji, although solar photovoltaics have been used in aerospace and other fields, the government had not previously introduced specific policies for solar thermal power. However, in recent years, the National Energy Administration has taken steps to promote CSP technology under the framework of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Renewable Energy. The plan clearly outlines the government's commitment to developing concentrated solar power and predicts that the solar power industry will enter a period of rapid growth over the next five to ten years.
According to the International Energy Agency's (IEA) Energy Outlook report, renewable energy sources are expected to grow rapidly in the next five years, especially in developing countries such as China. Renewable energy is projected to account for two-thirds of the global increase in power generation, and more than a quarter of the world's electricity will come from renewable sources by 2018.