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Instructions for selecting suitable herbicides for growing vegetables in greenhouses
In recent years, during the colder winter months, farmers have increasingly relied on greenhouses and mulch films to maintain warmth and promote early vegetable growth. These methods not only help in retaining heat but also allow for more efficient crop management. Additionally, chemical herbicides are commonly used to control weeds, saving both time and labor. However, over the years, experience has shown that improper use of these herbicides can lead to serious issues. If the wrong type is applied or if the method is incorrect, it may harm the crops themselves, cause phytotoxicity, pollute the environment, and ultimately reduce the market value of the produce.
To ensure the safe and effective use of herbicides, the **Chinese Pesticide Network** recommends specific products for different types of vegetables:
For **solanaceous vegetables** such as tomatoes, eggplants, and peppers, the following options are suggested:
- 72% Duer EC at 100–150 ml per mu, mixed with 30 kg of water, and applied after sowing under the mulch film.
- 48% Dicamba EC at 150–300 ml per mu, also mixed with 30 kg of water and applied similarly.
- 33% Weeding EC at 150–300 ml per mu or 24% Gerber EC at 50–100 ml per mu, along with 50% Secchin WP at 5,000 g per acre, using 40–50 kg of water. These should be sprayed before sowing and then the mulch film is applied.
For **leguminous vegetables** like peas, edamame, and cowpeas, the recommended herbicides include:
- 48% Trifluralin EC at 100–150 ml per mu with 40–50 kg of water.
- 50% Oxazifluor EC at 23–45 g active ingredient per mu, mixed with 40–50 kg of water. Apply this to the soil before planting and then cover with a film.
- 33% Weeding EC at 150–200 ml per mu, 50% Acetochlor EC at 70–150 ml per acre, or 50% Cimajin WP at 33–100 g active ingredient per acre, all with 40–50 kg of water. These should be applied before the plants emerge.
For **cruciferous vegetables** such as Chinese cabbage, red cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli, the following are advised:
- 33% Weeding EC at 100–150 ml per acre, 48% Cable EC at 150–200 ml per acre, 50% Killing Grass EC at 100–150 ml per mu, and 50% Dahuili WP at 100–200 g per acre, all mixed with 40–50 kg of water and applied directly to the surface before covering with the film.
When applying herbicides under mulch film, there are several important points to keep in mind:
First, ensure that the amount of water used per mu is sufficient. Adequate moisture helps improve the herbicide's absorption and effectiveness.
Second, avoid repeated spraying. Apply once and only once to prevent increasing the concentration and causing damage to the crops.
Third, pay special attention to the volatility of certain herbicides like Trifluralin and Oxazifluor. After application, mix the soil thoroughly to a depth of 2–3 cm to reduce the risk of evaporation.
Lastly, make sure the film is tightly sealed. Any leaks could result in pesticide exposure, which is harmful to both the crops and the environment. Always cover the film promptly after application.