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Instructions for selecting suitable herbicides for growing vegetables in greenhouses
In recent years, during the colder winter months, farmers have increasingly relied on greenhouses and mulch films to maintain warmth and promote early maturation of vegetables. Alongside this, chemical herbicides have been widely used for weed control, offering convenience and time-saving benefits. However, many years of experience with herbicide application under plastic films have shown that improper selection or incorrect application methods can lead to serious issues. Not only may these practices fail to control weeds effectively, but they can also cause phytotoxicity in crops, pollute the environment, and ultimately reduce the market value of the produce.
To ensure the safe and effective use of herbicides, the **Chinese Pesticide Network** recommends specific products for different types of vegetables. For solanaceous crops such as tomatoes, eggplants, and peppers, options include 72% Duer EC at 100–150 ml per mu, or 48% Dimethenamid EC at 150–300 ml per mu, mixed with 30 kg of water and applied after sowing and before covering the mulch. Another option is 33% Weeding EC at 150–300 ml per mu, or 24% Gerber EC at 50–100 ml per mu, or 50% Secchiin WP at 5,000 g per acre, all mixed with 40–50 kg of water and applied before seeding.
For legume crops like peas, edamame, and cowpeas, the recommended herbicides include 48% Trifluralin EC at 100–150 ml per mu, mixed with 40–50 kg of water. Also, 50% Oxazifluorine WP at 23–45 g active ingredient per mu, mixed with 40–50 kg of water, should be applied to the soil before planting and then covered with film. Other options include 33% Weeding EC at 150–200 ml per mu, 50% Acetochlor EC at 70–150 ml per acre, or 50% Cimajin WP at 33–100 g active ingredient per acre, all mixed with 40–50 kg of water and applied before crop emergence.
For cruciferous vegetables such as Chinese cabbage, red cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli, suitable herbicides include 33% Weeding EC at 100–150 ml per mu, 48% Cable EC at 150–200 ml per mu, 50% Killing Grass EC at 100–150 ml per mu, or 50% Dahuili WP at 100–200 g per mu, all mixed with 40–50 kg of water and sprayed directly onto the soil surface before applying the mulch.
When using herbicides under plastic films, several key points should be considered:
First, the amount of water used per mu should be sufficient to ensure proper coverage and absorption of the herbicide. Insufficient water can reduce its effectiveness and penetration into the soil.
Second, avoid repeated spraying. Apply the herbicide once in the right place to prevent over-concentration and potential damage to the crops.
Third, pay attention to the high volatility of certain herbicides like Trifluralin and Oxazifluorine. After application, it's important to mix the herbicide thoroughly into the top 2–3 cm of soil to minimize evaporation and improve efficacy.
Lastly, ensure the plastic film is tightly sealed. Any leaks could result in herbicide runoff or exposure, which may harm the crops or the surrounding environment. If any damage is noticed, cover the area immediately to maintain the effectiveness of the treatment.