Have you ever noticed white, powdery deposits forming along the seams of stone surfaces? This is known as "Baihua," a common issue in masonry and stone installations. Baihua typically appears as a white film or crystalline deposit on the surface of stones or within the joints. It's often seen in outdoor areas or places with high moisture levels, such as garden terraces, exterior steps, and wall joints. When stone is installed using wet methods, cement mortar containing alkaline substances like calcium hydroxide is used. These substances can dissolve when exposed to large amounts of water, seeping into the stone or the joints. As the water evaporates, carbon dioxide or sulfur compounds from acid rain react with the calcium hydroxide, forming calcium carbonate or calcium sulfate. These compounds then crystallize on the surface, creating the white appearance known as Baihua. The formation of Baihua is similar to that of water spots. The main contributors are excessive water and alkaline metal ions. Water acts as the primary carrier, dissolving these ions and allowing them to penetrate into the stone through capillary action. If the joints are not properly sealed, the problem can worsen. To prevent Baihua, it's essential to block the penetration of water and alkaline substances into the stone surface or ensure that joints are fully filled. Here are some effective measures to prevent Baihua: First, apply a protective coating to the stone before installation—typically on the front and several sides, depending on the project’s needs. This helps reduce water absorption and prevents cement or groundwater from seeping into the stone, which could bring alkaline ions that lead to Baihua. Second, choose appropriate joint materials that are compatible with the stone type, and follow the correct application techniques. High-quality joint fillers and proper installation can significantly reduce the risk of Baihua forming in the joints. Third, when mixing cement mortar, use a low water-to-cement ratio or add a water-reducing agent. This minimizes excess water, which is a key factor in causing Baihua. Fourth, consider adding a waterproofing agent to the cement mixture. This helps prevent the leaching of metal ions from the mortar, reducing the likelihood of white deposits forming on the stone surface. Fifth, use non-contaminating aggregates and avoid materials like sea sand, which contain high levels of calcium, magnesium, and sodium ions. Also, avoid using mineral-rich groundwater for mixing. By controlling the source of these ions, you can greatly reduce the chances of Baihua occurring.
PVISUNG's LED Grow Light is invented, designed and developed by growers.
Retractable Led Grow Light,Led Grow Lights,Grow Light Led,Grow Lights For Plants Shenzhen Pvison Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.pvisunggrowlight.com
Here you will find the best LED Lights for Hydroponics and General Horticulture.
LESS ENERGY: PVISUNG lighting fixtures have the ability to save growers an
outstanding 40% on their energy bill compared to commonly used HID kits.
Making LEDs undoubtedly a more efficient and eco-friendly choice.
LESS COST: PVISUNG's innovative research and development "STRETCH AND SHRINK" structure which is the only unique in the market. Less at least 30% weight and package than other competitors.It's lighter and easier in transport. Easy intall, plug and play.
LESS HEAT: PVISUNG`s highly efficient diodes produce less heat waste and more
light than many competitor products. We use our unique heat convention design "COLD-HOT SELF CIRCULATION" that
disperses remaining heat above the fixture. This avoids light decay which can negatively affect your crop, making heat management easier than ever.
High Efficacy: LEDs have been tried, tested and proven by industry experts to increase yields and crops quality,
leading to medicinal standards products every harvest.
SAFETY PROTECTION: Built with smart-safety capabilities for full circuit protection,
PVISUNG drivers prevent over/under voltage, short-circuiting and overheating failures.
All PVISUNG LED fixtures are Certified and Compliant.
WARRANTY: Our LEDs are rated for 54,000 hours of use and our
fixtures are supported by a market-best 5 Year warranty, creating a trustworthy source of products.
SMART CONTROL: A dimmable function gives you the ability to adjust the PPF
levels produced and adapt to all crops and growth stages. Enhanced by TUYA mould to be timed and dimmed.
That's adjustable.