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When the pressure in the system being protected increases, the safety valve detects this change and generates an additional force on its sensing element. This force causes the element to move, which opens the passage in the safety valve, allowing the medium to be released through the gap.
The performance and longevity of a safety valve depend significantly on its dynamic stability. If the valve disc oscillates, it can reduce the effective flow area and discharge capacity of the valve. It may also cause damage to the seat and affect the opening height. Additionally, repeated collisions between the positioner and other components can harm the sealing surfaces and internal parts. Two-stage full-opening safety valves are particularly prone to disc oscillation, which can lead to inefficient operation and reduced reliability.
Dynamic instability in safety valves is often caused by several factors. One common issue is when the valve’s discharge capacity exceeds the flow rate of the medium entering it. Another factor is excessive spring stiffness, which can prevent the valve from reaching full lift. Additionally, high back pressure inside the valve chamber during operation can create interference that leads to unstable behavior.
**Impact of Discharge Capacity**
A safety valve may have a higher discharge capacity than required in certain situations. For example, if the selected valve has a larger orifice than necessary, or if it is installed in a system with fluctuating flow rates, the excess capacity could lead to instability. Also, if the inlet piping is too narrow, it might restrict the flow and cause unexpected pressure surges, contributing to oscillation.
**Effect of Spring Stiffness**
Excessive spring stiffness can also lead to oscillation. In a full-opening safety valve, the media’s recoil helps achieve full lift. However, if the spring is too stiff, it may not allow this natural force to act effectively. As a result, the valve might not open fully, causing it to close quickly after opening—leading to repeated cycles of opening and closing. On the other hand, if the spring is too soft, the valve may close prematurely at low pressures. To avoid these issues, the spring must be carefully designed and tested under real operating conditions to ensure optimal performance.
**System Back Pressure Influence**
Similar to spring stiffness, back pressure above the valve disc during operation can cause instability. When the valve opens, the pressure in the chamber above the disc may rise, creating resistance that affects the disc’s movement. To mitigate this, some safety valves are designed with an open vent that allows the upper chamber to communicate with the atmosphere. For enclosed systems, the upper chamber can be connected to the outlet or a branch pipe, using the suction effect to lower the pressure above the disc and improve stability.
A vertical safety valve: http://?20_2.html
1. Elegant European style.
2. Many models to choose from.
3. Suitable for both DIY and construction projects.
4. Superior to Gypsum moldings.
5. Light weight, easy to transport and install.
6. Elaborate patterns.
7. Better flexibility.
8. Labor efficient.
