Many people who are designing their homes take advantage of the roof space to create a beautiful rooftop garden. However, it's essential to consider the load that each garden element places on the structure. These loads are typically converted into an equivalent uniform load per square meter and compared with the live load capacity of the building. Below are some commonly referenced load values for various elements in a rooftop garden. Rooftop Garden Design: Planting Areas 1. The weight of different plants varies significantly. For example, grass turf is around 5 kg/m², small shrubs weigh about 10 kg/m², large shrubs can be 20–30 kg/m², and small trees (up to 10 meters tall) may add around 60 kg/m². Larger trees (up to 15 meters tall) can add as much as 150 kg/m². 2. Artificially prepared planting soil is usually lightweight, such as a mix of organic and inorganic materials. This type of soil generally weighs between 700–1600 kg/m³. When calculating, it’s important to account for wet density, which can increase by 20%–50% after watering. 3. Drainage layers made from pebbles, vermiculite, or coarse sand can weigh 2000–2500 kg/m³, while lightweight materials like ceramsite are much lighter, at around 600 kg/m³. Rooftop Garden Design: Water Features Water features such as ponds also contribute to the overall load. A water depth of 30 mm adds approximately 300 kg/m², and 50 mm adds about 500 kg/m². The walls of the pond should be calculated based on the material used, and the height of the pool should be converted into a load per square meter for accurate structural analysis. Rooftop Garden Design: Rockeries Rockeries and stone structures require careful consideration. The actual volume of the rockery should be multiplied by a porosity factor of 0.8–0.9, depending on the type of stone, and then converted into a load per square meter accordingly. Rooftop Garden Design: Additional Structures Any additional structures, such as pergolas, benches, or walkways, must be placed on the supporting columns and beams of the roof. The weight of these elements is usually concentrated on specific areas, so it’s crucial to convert the load into a distributed load over the supporting area during design planning.
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