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Key points of winter silage feeding technology
Silage is a type of green, juicy feed that is preserved in a sealed silo (such as a pit, trench, tower, or bag) through fermentation by lactic acid bacteria. Corn is the most commonly used crop for silage production in our country.
**Feeding Method**
When introducing silage to livestock, it's important to start with small amounts and gradually increase the quantity to allow animals to adapt. Baking soda should be added to cattle diets to help prevent acidosis, which can occur when silage lowers the rumen pH. Adding 1.5% baking soda to the concentrate can promote gastric motility, neutralize acids, improve feed intake, and enhance digestibility. Farmers with the resources can mix silage, hay, and concentrates into a total mixed ration (TMR), which often yields better results. It's crucial not to feed frozen silage, as it can reduce productivity and even lead to abortion in pregnant animals.
**Access Method**
It's recommended to take silage once in the afternoon, ensuring each layer is at least 10 cm thick. This helps maintain freshness, palatability, and nutrient retention. Once removed from the silo, silage should not be exposed to sunlight or left in piles. It’s best to store it in bags and place them in a cool area within the barn. After each use, the remaining silage should be recompacted and covered with a plastic sheet to maintain quality.
**Precautions**
1. Always check the silage for signs of mold. Quality silage should be bright green or yellow-green, with a sweet-sour taste and a strong wine-like or sour pear aroma. It should feel soft and moist. If it turns black or brown, smells foul, or feels sticky or dry, it is likely moldy and should not be fed.
2. If diarrhea occurs during feeding, immediately reduce or stop silage feeding. Check if the silage is contaminated with mold or if other health issues are causing the problem. Resume feeding only after the animals recover. Clean the feeding trough daily, especially hard-to-reach areas, and remove spoiled silage regularly.
3. Adjust the amount of concentrate feed accordingly based on the animal’s condition and performance. Avoid reducing it too quickly or drastically. Ensure silos are protected from rodents to prevent disease transmission.
4. Determine the appropriate feeding amount based on the animal’s weight and purpose. For example:
- Lactating cows: 5–7 kg per 100 kg body weight
- Fattening cattle: 4–5 kg per 100 kg
- Bulls: 1.5–2.0 kg per day
- Sheep: 4–5 kg for adults, 0.4–0.6 kg for lambs
- Dairy goats: 1.5–3.0 kg for lactating does, 1.0–1.5 kg for young goats
- Horses: 12–15 kg per day for regular horses, 6–10 kg for breeding mares and yearlings
**Additional Notes**
1. Silage should generally make up less than 50% of the diet’s dry matter.
2. Feed silage according to daily requirements to avoid spoilage or mold.
3. In cold weather, warm up the silage before feeding in the morning to ensure it is at an appropriate temperature.