How to improve the rationality and safety of cotton fertilization

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Whether the crop fertilization is reasonable or not, at least the following requirements, the first is to ensure the safety of fertilization, do not burn the roots and roots. The second is to require good fertilizer efficiency, and should show improvement in output and quality. Suggest some fertilization methods and adjustment suggestions during the fertilization period based on local conditions:

1. Cotton is a cash crop with a long growing period. To obtain high yield, the first step is to apply enough base fertilizer. The fertilizer type of base fertilizer is mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is appropriate. To this end, we must adjust the proportion of NPK in this case during the bud period, and adjust all the diammonium phosphate and half of the potassium chloride to the base fertilizer and seed fertilizer; make the nitrogen in the base fertilizer account for the total nitrogen fertilizer during the whole growth period. 40% - 50%; phosphate fertilizer of base fertilizer accounts for 80% of total phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer accounts for 60%. The application method of cotton base fertilizer is best applied after tilling and pouring into the soil below 15 cm.

2. Cotton sowing or planting is in the spring, there are low temperature and night frost cooling problems, in order to cotton strong seedlings, it is best to apply fertilizer or transplant seedling fertilizer, the amount of seedling fertilizer is not much, but it is best to use phosphorus as The main is less nitrogen; it is necessary to apply boron fertilizer. The fertilization position of the fertilizer is applied 2 cm below the seedling. The general seed fertilizer is 5 - 7.5 kg of calcium or 5 kg of diammonium phosphate. The effect of seedling fertilizer can promote hair growth and strong seedlings, and resist cold and protect the buds.

3. Cotton has both vegetative and reproductive growth. It is necessary to grasp the timing in the management of topdressing. It is easy to cause long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer, and the growth of nutrients is too prosperous. Therefore, in the seedling period, we must pay attention to controlling the water, fertilizer, and seedlings to promote the roots. Only when the time is properly delayed, can we pass the turning period, and by the way, the buds are guaranteed. For this reason, topdressing is generally divided into 2-3 times. Don't be too early for the first time, and push back after Miaowang. The second top dressing in the flowering period, mainly to trace nitrogen fertilizer and potash fertilizer; whether to chase the third fat depends on the seedlings. It is necessary when it is high in production.

4. The main seedlings are urea, which is decomposed by water after the application of urea to produce ammonium carbonate. Under alkaline conditions, ammonium carbonate releases ammonia gas. This toxic gas can be used to fumigation of cotton leaves and is boiled. The method to avoid burning seedlings is to apply a urea to a certain depth under the soil surface and cover it with soil. 2 bud stage seedling small top dressing control application rate of 5 - 7.5 kg. 3 Immediately after the urea application, watering.

Expert: Cao Yiping, "People's Daily"
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