High-energy fuels play a crucial role when it comes to reducing fuel weight, especially in aerospace and military applications. A promising solution comes from terpenes—organic compounds derived from trees that can dimerize into terpene dimers with energy density similar to aviation fuel JP-10. Researchers from the Georgia Institute of Technology and the Joint BioEnergy Research Institute have successfully engineered bacteria to produce these terpenes, paving the way for a potential replacement of JP-10 in missile launches and other high-performance aviation systems. Unlike traditional oil-based fuels, JP-10 has limited availability, making biofuel alternatives increasingly attractive. In the future, these biofuels could not only fill the gap but also drive innovation in next-generation engine technologies. This breakthrough was recently published in the journal *ACS Synthetic Biology*. According to a report by the Physicist Organization Network on March 26, early-stage research involved Stephen Sharia, a graduate student at Georgia Tech, who worked under the supervision of Associate Professor Pamela Perata-Yaia. Under her guidance, the team managed to increase terpene production by six times. They are exploring alternative enzymes—specifically three types of terpene synthases (PS) and three geranyl diphosphate synthases (GPP)—to enhance production in *E. coli*. Their goal is to identify the optimal enzyme combination for maximum yield. Currently, they have achieved 32 mg/L, but to match the output of oil-based JP-10, production needs to increase by 26 times, according to Perata-Yaia. However, she believes this is within the reach of bioengineering advancements. A major challenge lies in the suppression mechanism within the system. "We found that the enzyme gets inhibited by the matrix, and this inhibition depends on the concentration," she explained. "What we need now is an enzyme that remains active in high-concentration environments or maintains low substrate levels throughout the reaction." Both approaches are difficult, but not impossible, she added. The supply of JP-10 extracted from oil is limited, and tree-derived terpenes aren’t sufficient to meet demand. As a result, JP-10 costs about 25 cents per gallon, making biofuel alternatives more competitive compared to gasoline or diesel, which are much cheaper. "If you're working on gasoline alternatives, you're competing with 3 cents per gallon, which requires long-term optimization," Perata-Yaia noted. "With our project, we’re up against 25 cents per gallon, and we need results faster." "Although we're still at just a few milligrams per liter, the value of the fuel we're developing is higher than that of diesel or gasoline alternatives, which means we're closer to our goal," she said. Theoretically, producing terpenes could eventually be cheaper than oil refining. If these biofuels perform well, they could open new doors for lightweight, high-energy fuels and boost the supply of advanced propulsion systems. "We're manufacturing a sustainable, high-energy-density strategic fuel, but it's still in its early stages," Perata-Yaia said. "Our focus is on creating a 'test' fuel that closely resembles oil-based fuel, so it can integrate smoothly into existing distribution systems." (Chang Lijun) The design of the towel rack should consider whether it is convenient or not, but also consider the waterproof problem. Home use towel rack , brass toilet paper holder Bathroom Series, made of high quality brass material,chrome surface corrosion resistance long lasting use for years and years, no worries about rusted and oxidized. Bathroom Accessories,Towel Rack Stand,Wall Mounted Towel Rack,Outdoor Towel Rack HESHAN CAIZUN SANITRAYWARE CO.,LTD , https://www.caizunsanitaryware.com