Radiation-proof glass is specifically engineered to absorb high-energy radiation such as gamma rays and X-rays. When these rays pass through the glass, they trigger the photoelectric effect, producing electron pairs and excited states within the material. This process effectively reduces the energy of the incoming radiation, decreasing its penetration power and providing a protective barrier. The higher the density of the glass, the better its shielding capability. Typically, radiation-proof glass has a density of at least 4.5 g/cm³, with some advanced versions reaching up to 6.2–6.5 g/cm³, often using ZF series materials for enhanced performance.

On the other hand, radiation-resistant optical glass is designed to resist discoloration caused by exposure to gamma rays. These glasses maintain their optical properties even after being subjected to high doses of radiation. Their classification is based on traditional optical glass grades, with numbers indicating the level of radiation resistance. For example, K509 radiation-resistant glass shares similar optical constants with K9 glass but can withstand a gamma-ray dose of up to 10 Roentgen. In contrast, regular glass tends to develop color centers when exposed to high-energy radiation, leading to unwanted discoloration and structural damage.

To improve radiation resistance, cerium oxide (CeOâ‚‚) is often added to the glass composition. CeOâ‚‚ acts as an electron trap, preventing the formation of color centers that cause discoloration. However, if the concentration of CeOâ‚‚ is too high, it can extend absorption bands into the visible light spectrum, increasing blue light absorption and causing the glass to appear yellow. Additionally, interactions with other components in the glass can deepen the color. Therefore, the amount of CeOâ‚‚ is carefully controlled. For instance, K509 contains about 0.4% to 0.5% CeOâ‚‚, while K709 may have up to 1%.

Steel Pipe Lined With Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethylene Pipe

Cross helically wound steel wires reinforced-polyethylene composite pipe (SRCP) is a kind of composite metal plastic pipe with excellent overall performance. With excellent pressure bearing performance, good flexibility, long-term resistance to acid and alkaline corrosion and abrasion, it is suitable for long-distance underground pipes for water supply and drainage, slurry transportation and the like, especially for subsidence region such as mining area, river channel.

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