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Farmland irrigation, pay attention to four fertilizers, do not apply
Water-flooding, also known as "flushing and fertilizing," is a common top-dressing technique used to supply additional nutrients during the rapid growth phase of crops. While it serves as a supplementary method and cannot replace primary fertilization practices like base fertilizer application, its convenience and quick results make it widely adopted in vegetable fields and irrigated areas for growing high-value crops and specialty foods.
Currently, this method is frequently applied during the active growth stages of vegetable crops, especially in greenhouse and open-field cultivation. Its fast-acting nature—typically showing visible effects within 2–5 days—makes it appealing to farmers who want quick improvements in plant appearance and growth. This has led to its long-standing use in agricultural practices.
Considering the goals of high yield, quality, and efficiency in crop production, along with environmental protection and the shortage of labor in rural areas, it's essential to utilize the benefits of water-flooding while avoiding its drawbacks. Below are the key technical considerations for effective implementation:
1. **Proper Selection of Fertilizers**
Only water-soluble fertilizers should be used in this method. Common nitrogen sources include urea, ammonium, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate. For potassium, potassium chloride and potassium sulfate are typically used, with potassium nitrate also being an option. However, phosphate fertilizers such as monoammonium or diammonium phosphate should not be applied via water, as they have poor mobility and tend to bind with soil particles, limiting their availability to plants. The best way to apply phosphorus is through soil incorporation to enhance its effectiveness.
2. **Appropriate Nutrient Dosage per Application**
In high-yield vegetable farming, the amount of pure nitrogen should be limited to 2–3 kg per mu, with nitrate nitrogen kept below 2–3 kg per mu. Potassium (as K₂O) should generally not exceed 2–4 kg per mu. Excessive application leads to nutrient waste, reduced efficiency, and potential water pollution. Typically, two applications are sufficient throughout the growing season.
3. **Timing of Fertilization**
Fertilization should be carried out during the peak growth period of crops. For example, when vegetables are in fruiting or harvesting stages, or when cabbages are in the bagging phase, or during autumn planting when temperatures drop and soil mineralization slows down, making it ideal for nutrient uptake.
4. **Control of Water Volume**
During irrigation, care must be taken to avoid overwatering, which can wash away nutrients. The water level in ditches should be appropriately managed to prevent nutrient leaching.
Many farmers prefer this method due to its effectiveness, but misuse—such as excessive nitrogen application or overuse—can lead to issues like elongated stems, lower quality, reduced fertilizer efficiency, increased nitrogen loss, and soil salinization.
Some individuals mistakenly use high-concentration granular compound fertilizers or insoluble solid organic fertilizers and microbial products, which are not suitable for this method.
In summary, the principle of water-flooding should be applied timely and in measured amounts, primarily for top-dressing in intensive vegetable farming, focusing on nitrogen and potassium. There are four types of fertilizers that should not be used:
- No phosphorus fertilizer;
- No granular compound fertilizer;
- No unprocessed solid organic fertilizer;
- No microbial preparations or fertilizers.
Author: Chen Hui
Source: Agricultural Bureau of Xingtang County, Hebei Province
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