Anti-radiation glass is a specialized type of optical glass designed to protect against harmful radiation, particularly gamma rays and X-rays. It comes in two main categories: radiation-proof glass and radiation-resistant glass, each serving different purposes depending on the application. Radiation-proof glass is engineered to absorb high-energy radiation effectively. When gamma or X-rays pass through this type of glass, they trigger a photoelectric effect within the material. This process generates electron pairs and excited states, which help dissipate the energy of the incoming radiation. As a result, the penetrating power of the radiation is reduced, offering protection from its harmful effects. The shielding capability of radiation-proof glass increases with its density. Typically, such glass has a density of at least 4.5 g/cm³, while more advanced versions can reach densities between 6.2 and 6.5 g/cm³. These high-density glasses are often part of the ZF series and are commonly used in environments where strong radiation protection is required. Radiation-resistant optical glass, on the other hand, is designed to resist discoloration when exposed to gamma rays. Its name usually reflects the level of radiation it can withstand, measured in Roentgen units. For example, K509 radiation-resistant glass shares similar optical properties with standard K9 glass but can endure a gamma-ray dose of up to 10 Roentgen without significant color change. Ordinary glass tends to develop color centers when exposed to high-energy radiation. This happens as free electrons combine with structural defects, causing the glass to darken. However, radiation-resistant glass avoids this by incorporating elements like cerium oxide (CeO₂). CeO₂ acts as an electron trap, preventing the formation of color centers. The absorption bands of cerium are primarily in the ultraviolet range, so at low concentrations, they don’t affect visible light transmission. However, if the concentration of CeO₂ is too high, the absorption bands may extend into the visible spectrum, increasing blue light absorption and causing the glass to appear yellow. Other components in the glass can also influence the final color, so the amount of CeO₂ is carefully controlled. For instance, K509 contains about 0.4% to 0.5% CeO₂, while K709 has around 1%. This balance ensures optimal radiation resistance without compromising optical clarity.
Co-extrusion polyolefin elastomers (POE) abrasion resistant inner layer plastic composite pipes is characterised by taking co-extrusion thermoplastic polyolefin elastomers as the abrasion resistant inner layer, using a combination of steel wires (or glass fiber) reinforcements and high-density polyethylene. In addition to good workability and physical and mechanical properties as HDPE pipes, such pipes have good wear resisting performance. Co-extrusion abrasion resistant composite pipeline is a kind of anti-abrasion pipe with high cost-effective performance.
Wear Resistant Composite Pipe,Wear Resistant Lined Steel Pipe,Wear Resistant Composite Fire Pipe,High Voltage Resistance Pipe Hdpe SHANDONG EASTERN PIPE CO., LTD. , https://www.dfuhmwpe.com