Shower Door Towel Bars And Grab Bar
When you choose Shower Door Hardware, you may only consider some large items, but small items are often ignored, such as towel bars. Towel bar can be said to be a must-have item in the bathroom, which combines practicality and aesthetics. Since the bathroom is relatively humid, you can choose a stainless steel towel bar with good moisture-proof and corrosion-resistant properties when you buy a towel bar.
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Pig feed anti-mildew and feed mildew technology
**Core Tip:** This article provides practical techniques for farmers to prevent mold and mildew in pig feed. Discover the key strategies below.
**Damp Heat Promotes the Growth of *Aspergillus flavus***
In the southern regions during summer, the hot and humid weather creates ideal conditions for *Aspergillus flavus* to thrive. For feed manufacturers in these areas, preventing this fungus has become a top priority. *Aspergillus flavus* grows best between 25°C and 30°C, with relative humidity ranging from 80% to 90%. When the moisture content of grains like corn, wheat, or rice reaches 17%-18%, it becomes highly favorable for the growth of this mold. After grinding, if the moisture is too high, it further increases the risk of contamination.
Moreover, *Aspergillus flavus* can also contaminate feed during storage and production. If ingredients are stored for long periods, or if warehouses are damp, leaky, or poorly ventilated, especially with crushed materials, the risk of mold increases significantly. Small particles tend to absorb moisture easily, creating the perfect environment for fungal growth. In pellet feed production, proper cooling and ventilation are essential. If the cooling time is insufficient or the airflow is inadequate, the moisture and temperature of the feed may remain too high, promoting mold development. Regular cleaning of equipment and storage areas is crucial to prevent mold accumulation.
Aflatoxin, produced by *Aspergillus flavus*, is extremely dangerous. It is heat-stable and difficult to destroy during feed processing. Contaminated raw materials can lead to poisoning in both animals and humans. Aflatoxin interferes with protein synthesis in cells, causing serious health issues. Its toxic effects are well-documented, with aflatoxin B1 having a median lethal dose of just 0.36 mg/kg, making it ten times more toxic than potassium cyanide. It is also one of the strongest carcinogens known, being 900 times more potent than cream yellow and 75 times more likely to cause liver cancer than dimethylnitrosamine.
To address contamination, several detoxification methods are available. The removal method includes sorting, washing, soaking, and using adsorbents like activated carbon, bentonite, or zeolite. These can reduce aflatoxin levels to under 50 mg/kg in pig feed. Inactivation methods include heat treatment, alkali refining, and lime-salt soaking. Heat treatment can partially break down aflatoxin, while alkali refining targets its lactone ring. Lime solution and salt treatments can remove up to 60%-90% of toxins when applied correctly.
Preventing *Aspergillus flavus* starts with strict raw material management. Procurement must follow international and company standards, avoiding contaminated or low-quality ingredients. Moisture control is critical—raw materials should have less than 12.5% moisture in the south, with corn and other grains kept below 14%. Proper storage is equally important. Warehouses must be dry, well-ventilated, and free from pests. Controlled atmosphere storage, low-temperature drying, and the use of antifungal agents like calcium propionate can help inhibit mold growth.
During feed production, controlling steam quality and moisture levels is essential. Pellet moisture should stay around 15%-16%, and cooling times should be sufficient to avoid excessive temperature differences. Storage facilities should be clean, cool, and dry. Antifungal agents such as propionates, sorbates, and formates are commonly used, with dosages depending on moisture content and storage duration.
Finally, during transportation, feed should be protected from rain and sunlight. Wet or damaged bags should be prioritized for early use. By implementing these comprehensive strategies, farmers and feed producers can effectively minimize the risks associated with *Aspergillus flavus* and ensure safer, higher-quality feed for livestock.