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Pig feed anti-mildew and feed mildew technology
**Core Tip:** This article provides practical techniques for farmers to prevent mold and mildew in pig feed. Learn more about effective strategies below.
**Damp Heat Promotes the Growth of *Aspergillus flavus***
In the southern regions during summer, the hot and humid climate creates ideal conditions for the growth of *Aspergillus flavus*. For feed production companies in these areas, preventing this fungus from contaminating feed has become a top priority. *Aspergillus flavus* thrives best at temperatures between 25°C and 30°C with relative humidity ranging from 80% to 90%. When the moisture content of grains like corn, wheat, or rice reaches 17% to 18%, it becomes a perfect environment for the fungus to grow and multiply. After grinding, if the moisture level is too high, it further increases the risk of contamination.
Moreover, *Aspergillus flavus* can also contaminate feed in storage and production pipelines. If raw materials are stored for long periods, or if the warehouse is damp, leaky, or overcrowded without proper ventilation and cleaning—especially after being crushed—the risk of fungal growth increases significantly. The fine particles from crushed materials are more prone to absorbing moisture, creating the ideal conditions for mold development.
During pellet feed production, the cooling process is crucial. If the cooling time is insufficient or the airflow is inadequate, the feed may retain excess moisture and heat, which encourages the growth of *Aspergillus flavus*. Regular cleaning of feed hoppers and pipes is essential to reduce the buildup of mold spores.
**Aflatoxin: A Serious Threat**
Aflatoxins, produced by *Aspergillus flavus*, are highly toxic and resistant to heat. Even during feed processing, they remain dangerous. Contaminated feed can lead to poisoning in both humans and animals. Aflatoxins interfere with protein synthesis in cells, causing widespread damage. Among them, aflatoxin B1 is particularly dangerous, with a median lethal dose of just 0.36 mg per kg of body weight—ten times more toxic than potassium cyanide. It is also the most potent carcinogen known, with a liver cancer-inducing ability 75 times greater than that of dimethylnitrosamine.
**Detoxification Methods for Contaminated Feed**
If feed ingredients are slightly contaminated, there are several methods to detoxify them. These include physical removal (such as sorting, washing, and using adsorbents like activated carbon, bentonite, or zeolite), as well as chemical inactivation. Heat treatment can partially break down aflatoxins, while alkali treatment destroys the toxin’s lactone ring. Another method involves soaking contaminated grains in lime water, soda ash, or wood ash solution, followed by rinsing and drying. This technique can reduce aflatoxin levels by 60% to 90%.
**Prevention Starts with Raw Material Management**
To prevent *Aspergillus flavus* contamination, strict control over raw material procurement is essential. Purchasing staff must ensure that all incoming materials meet international and company standards. Any raw materials suspected of contamination should be rejected. Moisture content is especially critical—corn, for example, should have a moisture level below 14% in the south, and other grains should stay under 12.5% during rainy seasons.
**Proper Storage is Key**
Storing feed properly is equally important. Warehouses should be dry, cool, and well-ventilated. If leaks, dampness, or pests are present, they can accelerate mold growth. Raw materials should be stored using controlled atmosphere, low-temperature ventilation, or oxygen-sealed methods. Adding antifungal agents like calcium propionate can also help inhibit mold development.
**Feed Production Practices**
During feed production, moisture and temperature control are crucial. In the north, pig and chicken compound feed should not exceed 14% moisture, while in the south, it should stay under 12.5%. Pellet feed should be cooled for 10–30 minutes, and its moisture level should be checked before packaging. Steam pressure should be maintained at 0.35–0.4 MPa, and the moisture content should be around 15–16% for optimal results.
**Storage and Transportation Tips**
Once packaged, feed should be stored in clean, dry warehouses. Antifungal agents like calcium propionate or sodium propionate can be added based on moisture levels and storage duration. During transport, protect feed from rain and sunlight by covering with tarps. When unloading, prioritize the top layers or damaged bags to ensure quick use and reduce the risk of spoilage.