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A: Bacterial fertilizer is a fertilizer that contains a large number of beneficial microorganisms and uses the biochemical action of these microorganisms to improve crop nutrition and growth conditions. Beneficial microorganisms mainly include rhizobium (biological nitrogen fixation), phosphate-dissolving bacteria (insoluble phosphorus in activated soil), potassium-dissolving bacteria, also known as silicate bacteria (decomposition, release of mineral potassium in soil), antibiotics, such as "5406" (It can inhibit or kill harmful fungi and bacteria, stimulate crop growth and activate soil insoluble phosphorus) and enzyme bacteria (to promote organic matter conversion). The actual fertilizer efficiency of the bacterial fertilizer is often also related to the matrix in which the microbial life activities are maintained.
As a agricultural product, biological fertilizer must meet certain quality requirements in terms of viable count, miscellaneous rate and expiration date (NY227-94). In addition to agricultural microbial agents, there are also composite microbial fertilizers and bio-organic fertilizers based on this. Compound microbial fertilizer refers to a combination of specific agricultural microorganisms and nutrients, which can provide, maintain or improve plant nutrition and improve the production or quality of agricultural products. According to the technical standard of NG/T798-2004, the total nutrient (N+P2O5+K2O) content of liquid, powder, granule and other different dosage forms products should not be lower than 4%, 6% and 6%, respectively, but the fertilizer content is not higher. The better, too high will inhibit microbial activity. Bio-organic fertilizer refers to a compound made up of organic materials obtained from harmless and humification of specific agricultural microorganisms and animal and plant wastes. It combines the characteristics of microbial fertilizers and organic fertilizers according to the technical standards of NY884-2004. The organic matter content of the fertilizer shall not be less than 25%.
Q: How to use microbial fertilizer reasonably? A: It can be used as base fertilizer, top dressing, ditch application or acupoint application. It can also be used for seed dressing, soaking, rooting or foliar application, depending on the type of fertilizer.
The agricultural fungicide is mixed with 2 kg of solid bacteria and 40-60 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to make base fertilizer, top dressing or seedling; the solid bacteria and nutrient soil are mixed to make nutrient mash, or mixed with mud slurry, in seedlings Before transplanting, the seeds are immersed in 10~20 times of the microbial dilution or sprayed with the diluent, so that the seeds are fully contacted with the liquid biological bacteria and then sown; the seedlings are immersed in the diluted 10-20 before transplanting the seedlings. The liquid microbial agent is taken out immediately, or the root of the seedling is sprayed with the above dilution solution; the microbial agent is diluted 100 times and used for rooting or flushing; the microbial agent is diluted 500 times for foliar fertilizer.
The compound microbial fertilizer can be used as base fertilizer and top dressing, and the application amount is 10-20 kg per mu; the foliar fertilizer is diluted 500 times, and sprayed according to the requirements of the product specification.
The bio-organic fertilizer can be used as the base fertilizer and top dressing. When the base fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer, the application amount is about 100 kg, and it is best to apply the appropriate amount of farmyard manure; the amount of topdressing fertilizer is appropriately reduced, and the fertilizer is applied 7 to 10 days earlier, and the fertilizer should be applied.
In addition, when the soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content is high or a large amount of NPK fertilizer is applied, the effects of rhizobium, phosphate-dissolving bacteria and potassium-dissolving bacteria fertilizer are reduced or even inhibited. For example, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer inhibits rhizobial activity. To reduce the nitrogen fixation of nodules. In addition, it is noted that the beneficial microorganisms in the bacterial fertilizer are alive, so they cannot be mixed with pesticides, chemical fertilizers, peracids and over-alkali substances during storage, and should not be mixed with a large amount of chemical fertilizers or acid-alkaline fertilizers. Alkali or drought affects the effect of bacterial fertilizer.
Q: What is carbon dioxide fertilizer? How do greenhouse vegetables get carbon dioxide?
A: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a component of air and a raw material for photosynthesis. The suitable concentration of carbon dioxide in greenhouse vegetables is generally not less than 800 ~ 1000mg / L, but carbon dioxide is often lacking in closed greenhouses with sufficient sunlight and long crops; when the concentration is lower than 80 ~ 10mg / L, it will seriously restrict the normal growth of vegetables. . In this case, in addition to proper ventilation, proper close planting, application of organic fertilizer and scientific application of nitrogen fertilizer, it is often necessary to apply carbon dioxide as a fertilizer. This is carbon dioxide fertilizer, also known as gas fertilizer.
In greenhouses or greenhouses, chemical methods, biological methods (such as straw bioreactor technology) can be used to generate carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide fertilizers can be used to correct carbon deficiency. In the following, only a simple chemical method for generating carbon dioxide is introduced: preparing a plurality of plastic buckets to be dispersed and hanging 100 cm from the ground; and dilute sulfuric acid (successively adding sulfuric acid to water in a ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid:water = 1:3) ) Divided into several parts with ammonium bicarbonate, one part per barrel, first put dilute sulfuric acid, then put ammonium bicarbonate, and the two interact to produce CO2 gas. This method is simple and effective, but it must be safe to operate.
Q: How to properly apply carbon dioxide fertilizer?
A: Commercial carbon dioxide fertilizers come in three forms: solid, liquid and gas.
The solid fertilizer can be dry ice or granules, and the dry ice becomes CO2 gas at room temperature for absorption and utilization by the crop. Due to transportation and storage difficulties, the cost is high. People should not directly contact dry ice during use to prevent cold damage. The granules can be directly sprinkled on the ground or buried in the soil, and CO2 gas is generated after water absorption. The amount of the stalk is about 40 kg, which can be continuously released within 40 days.
When the liquid fertilizer is used, the CO2-equipped cylinder is placed in the protective ground, and the CO2 gas is conveyed by the pressure reducing valve to the portion where the crop can be fully utilized. A hole is made every 3 mm on the hose, and the diameter of the cylinder is gradually increased from near to far, so that carbon dioxide gas can be reflected to the ground through the shed film. When the bottle mouth pressure is between 1 and 1.2 kg/m2, it can be released for 6 to 12 minutes per day.
Gaseous fertilizer (double micro CO2 gas fertilizer) is a kind of biological product. The granule contains a large amount of microorganisms, and carbon dioxide is produced by fermentation under suitable conditions, and has the characteristics of low cost and practicality. Apply 1 capsule per square meter, the depth is 3 cm, and the application amount per mu is not less than 6.7 kg. The relative humidity of the soil is required to be about 80%, and the soil temperature is above 15 °C. The carbon dioxide can be continuously released for more than 30 days in one use.
Peasant Daily (Senior Consultant of Sinofert, Professor of China Agricultural University Wang Xingren)
New fertilizer should pay attention to reasonable selection
Q: What is microbial fertilizer (bio-fertilizer or bacterial fertilizer)? What are the quality requirements for the product?
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