The fig is a perennial herbaceous fruit tree of the mulberry family and is one of the world's most economically valuable fruit trees. It has strong adaptability, early results, high yield, long life, less pests and diseases, easy breeding, low investment and high income. It is the best tree species for developing pollution-free green food.
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How to fertilize figs?
First, the fig needs fertilizer characteristics
(1) Fig nutritional growth characteristics of
1. Nutritional growth characteristics of roots The roots of figs are composed of adventitious roots, lateral roots and fibrous roots, without main roots. Its roots are scattered in the soil and vertically distributed in the 15-60 cm soil layer. The degree root group extends horizontally by about 10 meters. As the tree ages and the crown expands, the roots stretch deeper and the roots can be 1-2 meters deep. The soil is well ventilated, the oxygen supply is sufficient, the roots are thick, the root hair is large, and the absorption capacity is also strong.
The elongation, enrichment and respiratory intensity of the fig roots are related. The root temperature starts at around 10 °C. In Jiangsu, mid-May is the peak of activity, and mid-June is the peak of growth; mid-May and late June are the fastest growing period of spring root. In August, the mid-summer drought occurred in the summer, and the roots stopped growing. From late August to 10, they grew again and produced autumn roots. From late November to early December, when the ground temperature is below 10 °C, the root system stops.
2, the vegetative growth characteristics of the leaves of the fig leaves are large, the leaves are thick. The structure and size of the blade are affected by the environmental conditions and management methods, in addition to the constraints of the species itself. Planted in the shade, poor lighting conditions or excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, too late, the tree is not full, the leaves are thin and large; planted in the sunny place, light, nutrient conditions, branches are full, leaves thick, normal size, leaves The fence organization is developed.
In normal fig plants, in the process of continuous elongation of new shoots, a leaf can be grown in each node of the new shoot, and a fruit grows in the leaf axils of the leaf. Therefore, for the whole plant, the number of leaves grown should be roughly equal to the number of results, and the leaf-to-fruit ratio is 1:1. When the temperature rises above 20 °C, it takes about 15 days for a leaf to grow from germination to growth. However, when growing in the shade or at low temperatures, the number of days required to grow into a leaf will increase, and the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves will obviously decrease. Therefore, too high or too low temperature will seriously affect the photosynthetic function of the leaves and the accumulation of assimilated nutrients, affecting the yield and character.
(B) the need fertilizer characteristics figs
1. The figs are pleading for the soil environment. The figs are perennial fruit trees, and the original products are subtropical monotonous and semi-desert areas. In the deep soil of the soil, it can grow into tall tree trees. The tree height can reach 18 meters, and the trunk has a circumference of 3 meters, making it more than 100 years old. Therefore, it is crucial to invent a good ecological environment for fig growth and development.
The fig roots are developed, the branches and leaves are flourishing, the choice of soil is not majestic and the adaptability is wide. However, the most suitable soil conditions are deep loam or sandy loam. The soil is sticky, the roots are scattered, the drought resistance is reduced, the groundwater level is too high, and the drainage is not smooth, which will inhibit the respiration of the roots and the tree is weak and the yield is low.
Fig is like weak alkaline or neutral soil, the most suitable soil pH is 7. 2-7. Fruit trees that are more salt-tolerant and have a large demand for calcium, so the roots will be affected in the acidic soil, and lime must be added to improve the soil.
The picture of figs is more serious. After many years of continuous cropping, the growth of new shoots and the development of roots are clearly inhibited. Because the roots secrete toxic substances, it will inhibit the root development of the newly planted figs. At the same time, there are many root-knot nematodes in the old garden, which may cause rotten roots. For the garden that must be continuous, it is best to use dry water rotation, and then plant the figs at intervals of 2-3 years. The replanted continuous garden must be excavated from all the old roots. After that, the planting hole will be dug, filled with new soil without figs, sprayed with nematicides, and soil disinfected.
2, the need for fertilizer of figs
(1) need fertilizer characteristics figs
1 Absorption of various fertilizer components: The results showed that the figs had the highest absorption of calcium, and the requirements for nitrogen and potassium were higher, and the demand for phosphorus was not high. If the nitrogen uptake is 1, the amount of calcium absorbed is 1.43, the amount of potassium absorbed is 0.9, and the amount of phosphorus absorbed and the amount of magnesium absorbed are only zero.
3. After various fertilizer components are absorbed and utilized, the nitrogen and potassium components are mainly distributed in fruits and leaves. Phosphorus is less dispersed in the leaves than nitrogen, and more in the root than in nitrogen. Calcium and magnesium are mostly scattered in the leaves, accounting for 80% and 60%.
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