First, the utilization rate is low and the pesticide application bottleneck

At present, there are several problems in the application of pesticides:

The application machinery does not meet the requirements, and the pesticide utilization rate is low.

At present, large-scale hand-operated devices such as small manual sprayers and backpack-type mobile misters are widely used in rural areas. They are mainly based on “human back machines”, which are inefficient and have the problem of “running and leaking”. At the same time, it is basically "a sprinkler hits the world", lacking good nozzles, especially anti-lost nozzles. In addition, farmers are accustomed to heavy fog, large-volume spraying, serious waste, and low effective utilization rate of pesticides. It is generally said that the pesticide utilization rate on the target crop is about 35%, and most of the other pesticides are lost to non-target crops, soil or water.

One family is decentralized and controlled, and the degree of organization is low.

Farmers are small in scale, most of them are one-person decentralized pest control, low degree of organization, small scale of prevention and control, low control efficiency, frequent drug damage accidents, and relatively large losses.

Farmers have not been trained in drugs, and improper use of drugs is more prominent.

Most of the farmer's field application of pesticides has not been trained. The rural hollowing out, the agricultural industry is aging, and the aging of farmers has led to a decline in the knowledge level and scientific and technological quality of farmers. In addition, the technical control of pests and diseases is strong, and there are many varieties of pesticides, making it difficult for farmers to master technical essentials. It is more common to use drugs, overdose, and blind medication.

The sales channel is chaotic and there is a lack of business entities.

The plant protection department was originally involved in pesticide management. Now it has withdrawn from participating in the “prescription and selling drugs”. A large number of self-employed households are engaged in pesticide management. Most of them are unfamiliar with plant protection and pesticide application. The dealers are small, scattered, chaotic and lack the main body.

Regulations are lagging behind and supervision is not in place.

In terms of plant protection, we currently only have the “Pesticide Management Regulations” and the “Plant Quarantine Regulations”. The legal support is insufficient, the construction of laws and regulations is lagging behind, and the supervision and punishment are not enough. For the problems of counterfeit and shoddy products and the indiscriminate addition of hidden components, the punishment did not play a deterrent effect, and the cost of compliance was higher than the illegal cost.

Technical research can't keep up, and support is weak.

In terms of pesticide application technology and pesticide utilization rate, the research and development strength is insufficient, research projects and funding support are insufficient, and the power is dispersed, and technology research and development and assembly integration cannot meet the requirements.

Second, multi-pronged approach to promote precision application

Saying goodbye to the extensive use of drugs at an early date, and effectively improving the utilization rate of pesticides is of great significance in reducing the amount of pesticides and contributing to modern agriculture. At present, we must seriously solve the problem of low utilization rate of pesticides, change the way of pest control, change the "extensive" way of relying too much on chemical pesticides, seriously study and solve the problem of misuse, abuse, and overdose, and strive to grasp "control drugs" and do a good job. Reduce the amount of medication, promote precise application of medicine, and provide strong support for ecological and sustainable agriculture.

tool

Accelerate the development and promotion of new plant protection machinery

“When a worker wants to do something good, he must first sharpen his tools.” The application of high-efficiency drug-using machinery is the basis for improving the utilization rate of pesticides. We must vigorously support the research and development, introduction and promotion of new high-efficiency medical devices. We will do a good job in the research and development and introduction of new medical equipment with strong target and high utilization rate of pesticides, and introduce a batch of advanced and anti-floating nozzles.

In recent years, large-scale self-propelled sprayers, high-gap sprayer sprayers and self-propelled sprayer sprayers for rice fields have been developed and introduced in China, demonstrating good application effects and prospects. At the same time, we must increase subsidies. Considering that plant protection machinery is different from large-scale agricultural machinery, it is necessary to study the subsidy method that is simple, convenient and easy to operate, and separately formulate subsidy policies to increase the subsidy ratio. At the same time, it is recommended to set up special funds to use 3 to 5 years to force out the sprayers with backward technology and “running and dripping” to realize the upgrading of the application of pesticides.

In addition, it is necessary to actively demonstrate the application of low-altitude unmanned application technology. Adapt to the current situation of the rapid development of low-altitude unmanned applicator, study the problem of standardized management, and consider the inclusion of low-altitude unmanned applicator into the scope of agricultural machinery subsidies to support and promote its healthy development.

Organization

Focus on promoting professional rule

In the past two years, the National Agricultural Technology Center has promoted the rule of the unified defense as the key point, and the professional prevention and control has flourished and played an important role in the prevention and control of major pests and diseases. At present, there are more than 100,000 specialized prevention and control organizations, but the overall situation is still unbalanced, lacking large projects and financial support.

In recent years, various localities have explored and formed a number of models and models. In 2013, the Ministry of Agriculture has also selected a hundred demonstration organizations. It is necessary to give full play to the demonstration role of these organizations and increase support. It is necessary to carry out standardized services and extend the scope of services, guide service organizations to establish brand awareness, and improve service competitiveness. By carrying out "full-process" services and comprehensive services to support the operators, stabilize the team, and select new high-efficiency application machines, The ability to prevent and control while expanding profitability. It is recommended to set up a special policy for specializing in the prevention and control of the government, and take the lead in implementing subsidy policies in the main producing areas of rice, wheat and corn; researching and proposing policy insurance recommendations, and actively guiding insurance institutions to introduce commercial insurance for professional and unified defense, and strive for Tax-free and low-interest loans support the development of the defense organization.

technology

Promote new products and strengthen medication guidance

To take advantage of the advantages of the system and the network, on the basis of trial and demonstration, vigorously promote a batch of high-efficiency, low-toxic and low-residue pesticides, recommend new dosage forms such as granules, water suspension agents, etc., and slowly release the pesticides, and give full play to the leading role. Demonstration leading role.

We must conscientiously grasp the training of safe drug use. In recent years, the National Agricultural Technology Center has achieved remarkable results in conducting large-scale safe drug training. Drawing on the practices and experiences of the United States, it is recommended to list special funds. Through five years of efforts, comprehensively promote the training of safe drugs, guide farmers to rational use of drugs, and effectively improve the level of drug use.

It is necessary to do a good job in drug resistance monitoring and pesticide reduction, systematically carry out resistance monitoring, and guide scientific drug use and control; focus on the pilot projects of reducing doses such as paddy fields and orchards, summarize integrated technologies, promote comprehensive prevention and control technologies, and expand demonstration and promotion. Reduce the amount of chemical pesticides.

Distribution

Promote marketing changes and upgrades

Pesticides are special commodities. The marketing of agricultural materials is not just about selling products. More is to guide farmers to use medicine scientifically and rationally. Therefore, we must innovate business models, improve business channels, strengthen training and guidance, and improve service quality.

Strict pesticide access conditions. To learn from the practice of pesticide sales in the United States, Japan and other countries, the grassroots terminal sellers must be specially trained to obtain pesticides after obtaining the certificate and the employment certificate.

Actively promote chain management, foster and support a group of dealers who understand management, management, reputation and strength, support them to promote chain operations, unified distribution, and continuously enhance service capabilities.

Actively explore marketing innovation in the era of large farmers. Adapt to the needs of new agricultural business entities, provide a series of solutions and full service. At the same time, for low-toxic environmentally-friendly pesticides, modern information technology can be used to promote the combination of traditional agricultural sales and e-commerce, and to explore modern trading methods such as e-commerce.

Supervision

Grasp the construction of laws and regulations and increase penalties

Developed countries such as Europe and the United States have laws and regulations such as the Plant Protection Law and the Pesticide Management Law. We must strive to introduce the "Pesticide Management Regulations" as soon as possible, and after several years of efforts to promote the "Pesticide Management Law." At the same time, it is necessary to start researching and formulating the "Plant Protection Law", so that there is strong legal support for pest control and safe drug use.

It is necessary to rely on innovation to encourage enterprises to develop and produce green and environmentally friendly pesticides. It is recommended that the state withdraw some special funds from corporate profits and taxes to support research and development. It is necessary to strengthen supervision and punishment. For illegal production and sales of highly toxic pesticides, it is necessary to attack and fight against it in order to serve as a deterrent and warning. For incidents that violate the rules and cause excessive residue, it is necessary to expose them in time and increase punishment.

Research and development

Research and precision application technology

Focusing on improving the utilization rate of pesticides, we must conscientiously study the techniques and methods of pesticide application, and do a good job in precision application techniques, such as the application of target application, electrostatic spray, and circulating spray technology. It is recommended that industry science and technology projects be established to study key technologies for improving utilization, focusing on anti-floating and using additives to improve control effects. Try to increase the pesticide utilization rate to about 40% in about 5 years. Drawing on foreign practices, it is necessary to integrate multidisciplinary advantages such as agronomy, pesticides, and plant protection, and establish a drug application technology center. It is recommended to establish four drug application technology centers in the “plant protection project” project, and hope to organize the project declaration and implementation as soon as possible, and play an active role in promoting the application of the drug technology.

Third, several technical methods to improve the utilization rate of pesticides

Low volume spray method

When the application amount is constant per unit area, the pesticide stock solution is diluted with water and sprayed. The amount of water added is equivalent to 1/5 to 1/10 of the conventional spray technique. The specific method is to replace the large-aperture spray of the conventional spray machine with a small-aperture spray with a diameter of 0.3 mm. This can reduce the loss of pesticides, save a lot of water, and significantly improve the control effect.

Electrostatic spray

A high-voltage static electricity generating device is installed on the spraying machine, so that the amount of the chemical spray applied on the surface of the crop blade is greatly increased, and the effective utilization rate of the pesticide can reach 90% to 95%.

Capsulized application

More suitable for paddy fields. Simply apply the processed pills evenly to the field, which can increase the efficiency by more than ten times compared with the conventional application method, and there is no pesticide drift.

Circulating spray method

A drug reflux device is attached to the opposite side of the conventional spray component. The drug solution not deposited on the target plant is collected and pumped back into the medicine box, so that the pesticide can be recycled, and the effective utilization rate can be greatly improved.

Roller smear

Mainly used for the prevention and control of systemic herbicides . The liquid medicine oozes from the surface of the medicine roll by a paint overflow made of a foam material capable of absorbing the liquid medicine, and the medicine roller only needs to contact the blade of the upper part of the weed to be effective. Almost all of the agent can be applied to the surface of the target plant without causing liquid spills and dripping.

More pesticide knowledge , please pay attention to China Pesticide Network

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