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Analysis of the causes of swinging, collision and overturning of crane objects and taboos
(1) Object Swinging, Colliding, and Falling Over
During lifting operations, various factors such as improper handling, incorrect bundling, hooking, or command errors, along with equipment malfunctions, can lead to objects swinging, colliding, tipping over, or even causing accidents. These incidents can result in serious injuries or damage to property.
(2) Causes of Object Swing
1) The brake shoe on the trolley or cart is too tight, causing vibrations during braking, which prevents the object from stopping quickly.
2) Excessive wear and large gear gaps in key parts of the transmission mechanism.
3) The lower beam (or upper arch) of the main beam of a bridge crane has an excessive value, leading to unintended movement of the trolley.
4) Oil, ice, snow, or water on the track causes the object to swing or the trolley to shake.
5) Heavier objects are less stable; unskilled operation, sudden starts, or abrupt stops can cause swinging.
6) Poor commands, slanting slings, or improper bundling and hanging.
7) Anti-sway ropes are not used when lifting large objects.
8) Violating safety regulations by relying on anti-vehicle devices for braking.
(3) Causes of Object Collision
1) Faulty brakes prevent the trolley or car from stopping immediately.
2) A grounded brake solenoid coil may fail to release the brake after power is cut off.
3) Poor contact in controller contacts can lead to loss of control over the operating mechanism.
4) Invalid stroke limit position limiters.
5) Severe scratches on the main beam of the bridge crane cause the trolley to slip.
6) Grease, water, or ice on the track surface leads to sliding.
7) Improper bundling or hanging results in uncontrolled objects.
8) Non-certified operators or unauthorized commands.
9) Operating multiple controls at the same time, leading to delayed response.
10) High speed reduces focus, leading to collisions due to poor observation.
11) Misoperation causes excessive swinging, and poor lighting or visibility increases risk.
(4) Object Overturning
1) Improper bundling or uneven distribution of weight shifts the center of gravity.
2) Too fast descent before the object stabilizes causes it to tip over.
3) Deformed or weak slings may break, leading to unhooking.
4) Connected objects may cause both to fall if one tips over.
5) Uneven or unstable ground can cause the object to tilt or fall.
(5) Preventive Measures and Precautions
1) Regularly inspect the braking system and position limiters according to procedures. Address any abnormalities promptly to ensure safe crane operation.
2) Repair the trolley if the main beam is severely bent or arched.
3) Remove oil, ice, snow, and water from the track regularly.
4) Operate smoothly, avoid sudden movements, and maintain steady motion during lifting.
5) Ensure proper bundling and use anti-sway ropes when lifting large items.
6) Place objects on flat, solid surfaces.
7) Stay focused, observe surroundings carefully, and avoid misoperations when handling connected objects.
8) Never pull the sling forcefully.
9) Do not use reverse braking to stop the crane.
10) Avoid operating more than one control at a time.
11) Stop work if the working environment is unsafe.
12) Inspect the sling before each operation, and replace it or halt the task if it does not meet safety standards.