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Analysis of the causes of swinging, collision and overturning of crane objects and taboos
(1) Object Swinging, Colliding, and Tipping Over
During lifting operations, various factors such as improper handling, incorrect bundling, hooking, or command errors, along with equipment malfunctions, can cause objects to swing, collide, or tip over, potentially leading to serious accidents.
(2) Causes of Object Swinging
1) The brake shoe on the trolley or cart is overly tight, causing vibration during braking and preventing the object from stopping quickly.
2) Excessive wear in key parts of the transmission system leads to large gear gaps, resulting in unstable movement.
3) The main beam of the bridge crane has excessive sagging or arching, causing the trolley to slip unintentionally.
4) Oil, ice, snow, or water on the track surface causes the trolley or car to shake, leading to object swinging.
5) Heavier objects are more prone to instability; unskilled operation and abrupt starts or stops increase the risk of swinging.
6) Poor communication, uneven slinging, or improper securing of the load can result in loss of control.
7) When lifting large objects, failing to use an anti-sway rope increases the chance of swinging.
8) Using the anti-vehicle mechanism to stop the crane improperly may lead to sudden stops and instability.
(3) Causes of Object Collision
1) Faulty brakes prevent the trolley or car from stopping immediately.
2) A grounded brake solenoid coil may keep the brake open after the motor is turned off.
3) Poor contact in the controller’s contacts can lead to loss of control over the operating mechanism.
4) Invalid stroke limit position limiters fail to stop the crane at the correct position.
5) Severe damage to the main beam allows the trolley to move uncontrollably.
6) Grease, water, or ice on the track surface causes the trolley or car to slide, increasing collision risks.
7) Improper bundling or hanging can lead to uncontrolled objects.
8) Unauthorized personnel operating the crane or unclear commands increase the likelihood of collisions.
9) Simultaneously operating multiple controls can lead to loss of control.
10) High speed and lack of attention may result in collisions due to poor visibility.
11) Misoperation causes excessive swinging, and poor lighting conditions reduce visibility, increasing accident risks.
(4) Object Tipping Over
1) Improper bundling or incorrect tying can shift the center of gravity, leading to tipping.
2) If the object is lowered too quickly before stabilizing, it may flip.
3) Deformed or weak slings can cause the object to fall unexpectedly.
4) Connecting one object to another may cause both to tip over due to imbalance.
5) Uneven or unstable ground can cause the object to tilt or fall.
(5) Preventive Measures and Recommendations
1) Regularly inspect the braking system and position limiters according to the operating procedures. Address any abnormalities promptly to ensure the crane functions properly.
2) Repair the trolley immediately if the main beam is severely bent or deformed.
3) Clear oil, ice, snow, and water from the track to prevent slipping.
4) Operate the crane smoothly, avoid sudden movements, and ensure stable motion during lifting.
5) Secure the load properly, and use anti-sway ropes when lifting large objects.
6) Ensure the landing area is flat and solid to prevent tilting.
7) Stay focused, observe surroundings carefully, and avoid misoperations when connecting objects.
8) Never pull the sling forcefully, as this can cause it to break.
9) Prohibit using reverse movement to stop the crane.
10) Avoid operating more than one control at a time.
11) Stop operations if the working environment is unsafe or visibility is poor.
12) Inspect the sling before each operation, and replace it if damaged or not suitable for the task.