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The emission standards for rare earth pollutants are intended to grasp the right to speak internationally.
Firstly, the total amount of rare earth mining is controlled and managed, and the emission of rare earth industrial pollutants is strictly controlled. The Chinese government is working hard to reverse the chaotic mining and export situation of the rare earth industry and win a greater international voice. On February 28, the Ministry of Environmental Protection issued the “Rare Earth Industry Pollutant Emission Standardâ€, which is the first national pollutant discharge standard issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period. To improve the industry's entry barriers , the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Environmental Protection said that the formulation and implementation of standards will help improve the threshold for entry into the rare earth industry, accelerate the transformation of the development of the rare earth industry, promote the structural adjustment of the rare earth industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of the rare earth industry. According to the "Rare Earth Industrial Pollutant Emission Standards" compilation group, China's proven rare earth industrial reserves are 52 million tons, accounting for about 50% of the world, and it is the country with the richest rare earth resources. China is not only rich in rare earth resources, but also has a wide range of resources and complete minerals, especially the rare ion-adsorbed rare earth minerals in the world. It is rich in rare and valuable rare earth elements such as lanthanum, cerium, lanthanum, cerium, lanthanum and cerium. Great value. According to reports, China has discovered important rare earth deposits, often associated with a variety of metal or non-metallic minerals, many rare earth deposits are rare earth-é“Œ, rare earth-iron, rare earth-phosphorus, rare earth-rare metals and other symbiotic deposits, and the reserves are very The large and useful component content can recover the beneficial elements associated with it while mining the main elements, and the economic benefits are considerable. At present, there are more than 60 mines with proven reserves of rare earth minerals in the country, distributed in 22 provinces and regions, of which Inner Mongolia has the largest reserves of rare earths, accounting for 83% of the country. The rest are distributed in Sichuan, Shandong, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hunan. And other provinces. There are more than 160 rare earth production enterprises above designated size in China, with total assets of about 5 billion yuan. According to the Ministry of Environmental Protection, after years of development, the scale of China's rare earth industry has continued to expand. However, there are still problems such as illegal mining, overcapacity, ecological environment destruction and resource waste in the development of the rare earth industry, which has seriously affected the healthy development of the industry. Statistics show that at present, China's rare earth reserves account for 36% of the world, and production accounts for 97% of the world. Due to over-exploitation, China's rare earth resource reserves have declined rapidly, and environmental pollution problems in the production of rare earths have become increasingly prominent. Taking ammonia nitrogen as an example, the annual output of waste water in the rare earth industry amounts to more than 20 million tons, of which the ammonia nitrogen content is 300-5000 mg/L, which is more than ten times to hundreds of times higher than the national emission standard. Since there are no pollutant discharge standards for the characteristics of rare earth industry, the environmental impact assessment, design and completion acceptance of pollutant emission management and construction projects of rare earth industrial enterprises have long been able to implement comprehensive pollutant discharge standards and production processes of rare earth industries. The characteristic pollutants emitted in the medium have not been effectively controlled. According to the “Rare Earth Industrial Pollutant Emission Standards†compilation group, the environmental problems brought about by the development of the rare earth industry mainly include several aspects: rare earth mining and mineral processing have an impact on the ecological environment; rare earth mining and mineral processing cause damage to the mine environment; The smelting process causes pollution to the environment. The preparation group of "Rare Earth Industrial Pollutant Emission Standards" takes "the pollution problem in the process of smelting of monazite concentrate" as an example. The smelting plant that produces monorium chloride as a raw material from monazite is an open radioactive enterprise. International companies that use monazite concentrates to produce rare earth products have not used monazite to produce rare earth products because of the high investment cost of radioactive pollution control. However, it is understood that at the end of the last century, the southeast fishing boat used steam lamp gauze lighting to consume 500 tons of lanthanum nitrate per year, all of which were supplied by several domestic companies dealing with monazite mines. Due to the insufficient supply of monazite mines in China, it is necessary to import 3,000 to 4,000 tons of monazite mines each year. Some of these enterprises were not designed according to open-radiation work units, radioactive protection facilities were imperfect, and the “three wastes†discharged were not up to standard, and radioactive radiation was seriously polluted. According to the introduction group of the "Rare Earth Industrial Pollutant Emission Standards", the output of the national rare earth enterprises in 2005 produced smelting and separating products reached 103,900 tons, using at least 120,000 tons of rare earth oxide (REO) mineral products, generating about 20 million wastewater. ~ 25 million tons. The ammonia nitrogen content is 300-5000mg/L, which is more than ten times to 200 times higher than the national emission standard. There are not many enterprises that can effectively treat the discharge standards. Strengthening the protection of rare earth resources . On the other hand, rare earth is an important strategic resource that cannot be regenerated. It is called “industrial MSG†and is widely used in new energy, new materials, energy conservation and environmental protection, aerospace and electronic information. Although China has abundant rare earth resources, for a long time, due to low industrial concentration, China's rare earth can only be exported to foreign countries at a very low price, and rare earth has sold a “soil priceâ€. From January to November 2010, China exported a total of 35,000 tons of rare earths, accounting for about one-third of total domestic production. Zhou Shizhen, deputy chairman of the former Minmetals Chamber of Commerce and senior researcher at the China-US Relations Research Center of Tsinghua University, told Xinhua News Agency: "China must protect its rare earth resources with confidence. If we don't protect, we will succumb to future generations!" Zhou Shizhen introduced, in 1986 Before the year, the United States produced the world's rare earths, followed by France. Later, China's rare earth production came up and the price was cheap. These developed countries closed their mines and protected their rare earth resources. In fact, the Chinese government has also strengthened the protection of rare earth resources in recent years. Since 2006, China has implemented the total amount of rare earth mining control management; in 2007, China's rare earth mineral products and smelting and separation products were included in the national mandatory plan management. The Foreign Investment Industrial Guidance Catalogue (Revised in 2007), which was implemented on December 1, 2007, restricts foreign investment in rare earth smelting and separation (limited to joint ventures and cooperation); prohibits foreign investment in rare earth exploration, mining and beneficiation Wait. The Ministry of Commerce previously published the "China Prohibition of Import Restricted Import Technology Catalogue" to include the rare earth ore smelting process, single rare earth separation preparation technology, and rare earth concentrate pretreatment technology in the list of prohibited import technologies. The Ministry of Land and Resources also issued a notice announcing that from April 12, 2007, all applications for tungsten, rare earth exploration licenses, mining licenses, and applications for expansion of exploration and mining scope shall be handled by the Ministry of Land and Resources. In recent years, the National Development and Reform Commission has used the national debt funds to support a number of rare earth high-tech application projects and promote the use of advanced production techniques to eliminate backward projects. In 2010, the Ministry of Land and Resources also concentrated on the special rectification of the development of mineral resources such as rare earths, and cracked down on all kinds of illegal and illegal exploration and exploitation activities nationwide. The Ministry of Land and Resources also recently decided to set up China's first batch of rare earth mines national planning mining areas, including 11 blocks, with a total area of ​​more than 2,500 square kilometers, and the establishment of strategic reserves of rare earths. On February 16, the State Council executive meeting studied and deployed policies and measures to promote the sustainable and healthy development of the rare earth industry, and required the establishment of a sound industry supervision system to strengthen and improve industry management. Implement stricter protective mining policies and ecological environmental protection standards for rare earth resources, and strictly control industry and environmental access. At the same time, special rectification of rare earths was carried out in accordance with the law, and various illegal and illegal activities such as illegal mining and super-control index mining, illegal production and over-planning production, destruction of ecology and environmental pollution were resolutely cracked, and industry order was maintained. According to Yao Jingyuan, chief economist of the National Bureau of Statistics, a series of measures by the State Council and relevant departments aim to establish and improve the regulatory system for the rare earth industry, strengthen and improve industry management, and implement more stringent protective mining policies and ecological environmental protection for rare earth resources. Standards, strict industry and environmental access, comprehensive consideration of domestic resources and production, consumption, and international market conditions, and reasonable determination of annual rare earth mining and export quotas. The rare earth industry will be promoted for about 5 years to form a sustainable and healthy development pattern of rational development, orderly production, efficient use, advanced technology and intensive development.