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Summer corn fertilization expert
Corn Field Management Essentials
Corn is a vital crop known for its high yield and nutritional value. To achieve high-quality and high-yield corn, it is essential to implement scientific fertilization strategies tailored to the growth stages of wheat and summer maize, while also strengthening field management practices.
Corn goes through three key developmental stages: the seedling stage, the ear development stage, and the flowering stage. Throughout its life cycle, corn absorbs the most nitrogen, followed by potassium and phosphorus. For every 100 kg of corn grain produced, approximately 2.5–4.0 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.86–1.1 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 3.0–5.5 kg of potassium oxide are required, with a nutrient ratio of 1:0.4:1.3. It is recommended to apply 26–28 kg of pure nitrogen, 7–8 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 8–10 kg of potassium oxide, and 1 kg of zinc fertilizer per mu. The "light-heavy-light" fertilization method is commonly used, where 30%–40% of nitrogen and all phosphorus, potassium, and boron are applied at planting, 50% of the total nitrogen is applied during the trumpet stage, and the remaining 10% is applied during the silking stage to support grain filling and delay leaf senescence.
During the 6–8 leaf trumpet stage, chemical regulation can be applied using 20 ml of High Jade Gold liquid or 30 ml of short water per acre mixed with 30 kg of water, sprayed on the heart leaves. This helps strengthen stalks, promote root development, reduce plant height by 20–30 cm, and improve resistance to lodging, ultimately increasing yields by over 20%.
For pest and disease control, corn borers can be managed by spraying 30 ml of 48% chlorpyrifos EC or 2.0% avermectin EC diluted in 30 kg of water during the 8–10 leaf stage. Leaf spot and rust can be controlled with 12.5% tricyclazole WP diluted at 800 times, applied every 5–7 days. Herbicides like Kesai or Longtian Red Emulsifiable Concentrate (125 ml per acre) can be used for weed control after sowing, ensuring crop safety. Chemical weeding can also be done before the corn has developed many leaves using products such as "Jade Jinchun" or "Nicosulfuron."
In drought conditions, timely irrigation is crucial to meet the water needs of corn. Foliar applications of efficient nutrient-resistant agents can help regulate stomata, reduce water loss, and enhance drought tolerance. In case of flooding, drainage should be improved to lower water levels and prevent damage.
Late harvesting has been shown to increase yield and quality. When the milk line disappears from the kernels, it indicates full maturity, which can lead to an additional 25–35 kg per mu.
(Wei Deyong, Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Sheqi County, Henan Province)
Critical Management Periods
Corn growth can be divided into several stages: seedling, jointing, booting, tasseling, grain filling, and maturity. Before planting, base fertilizers should be applied, and top-dressing should be done at the right time. Summer maize should not receive excessive fertilizer during the seedling stage, as this may cause weakness. The big trumpet stage is the most critical period for top-dressing. If the soil is poor, top-dressing can be advanced to the jointing or small trumpet stage.
It is important to select high-quality, high-yield, disease-resistant varieties and ensure proper land preparation and sowing. Effective measures must also be taken to prevent lodging and manage pests and diseases according to the growth stage.
(Yang Xingren, China Agricultural University)
Skillful Top-Dressing for Yield Increase
Seedling fertilizer is typically applied after the seedlings have established themselves, often combined with jointing fertilizer. This helps promote root development, strengthen seedlings, and improve stalk strength. Along with quick-release nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilizers can also be applied, or decomposed organic manure can be used.
At the jointing stage, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used, with 10–15 kg of urea per mu applied in furrows or holes. Avoid applying before heavy rain to prevent leaching. For soils lacking phosphorus and potassium, 7.5–10 kg of compound fertilizer per mu can be added.
The panicle fertilizer accounts for about 50% of total fertilization, mainly nitrogen-based. It should be applied during the spikelet and floret differentiation stage, usually during the small trumpet phase. Some areas have started applying panicle fertilizer more frequently, but it is important to avoid applying too late, as this reduces its effectiveness. Many farmers apply insufficient amounts, leading to yellowing, premature aging, and reduced yield.
After pollination, grain fertilizer can be applied to improve kernel filling, reduce barren tips, and increase yield and quality. Quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is typically used, and foliar sprays of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can also be beneficial. Granular fertilizer accounts for about 5% of total fertilizer.
Micro-fertilizers, such as zinc and boron, can significantly boost yield. Zinc sulfate solution can be sprayed at the seedling, jointing, and large trumpet stages, with better results at the early stages. Boron fertilizer can be applied as a base fertilizer or used for seed soaking.
(Jia Youjiang, Agricultural Bureau of Yucheng County, Shandong Province)
Farmers Daily
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