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Summer corn fertilization expert
Corn is a key crop for high-yield and nutrient-rich food production. To achieve high quality and high yield in summer maize, it's essential to scientifically balance fertilization based on the growth stages of wheat and summer maize, while ensuring effective field management. Understanding the growth characteristics of corn is crucial. It can be divided into three critical stages: the seedling stage, the ear development stage, and the flowering stage.
Corn has a high demand for nitrogen, followed by potassium and phosphorus. For every 100 kg of corn grain produced, about 2.5–4.0 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.86–1.1 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 3.0–5.5 kg of potassium oxide are required, with a ratio of 1:0.4:1.3. The recommended application per mu includes 26–28 kg of pure nitrogen, 7–8 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 8–10 kg of potassium oxide, and 1 kg of zinc fertilizer. A "light-heavy-light" fertilization strategy is commonly used, where 30–40% of the total nitrogen and all phosphorus, potassium, and boron are applied at planting, 50% of the nitrogen is applied during the trumpet stage, and the remaining 10% is applied during the silking stage to enhance grain filling and delay leaf senescence.
Chemical regulation is important during the 6–8 leaf trumpet stage. Applying 20 ml of High Jade Gold Liquid or 30 ml of Short Water per acre mixed with 30 kg of water and sprayed on the heart leaves helps strengthen stalks, develop roots, reduce plant height by 20–30 cm, improve resistance to lodging, and increase yield by over 20%.
For pest and disease control, corn borers can be managed by spraying 48% chlorpyrifos EC (30 ml) or 2.0% avermectin EC (3000 times dilution) during the 8–10 leaf stage. Leaf spot and rust can be controlled by spraying 12.5% Tricyclazole WP (800 times dilution) every 5–7 days. Herbicides like Kesai or Longtian Red Emulsifiable Concentrate (125 ml per acre) are safe for use after sowing, while chemical weeding can be done before the corn reaches the 4-leaf stage using products like "Jade Jinchun" or "Nicosulfuron."
During drought, timely irrigation is essential, along with foliar sprays of high-efficiency nutrient-resistant agents to regulate stomata, reduce water loss, and improve drought tolerance. In case of flooding, drainage should be implemented to lower water levels and prevent root damage.
Late harvesting is also beneficial. Studies show that delaying harvest until the milk line disappears can promote full maturity, increase yield by 25–35 kg per mu, and improve grain quality.
In summary, proper field management, timely fertilization, pest control, and appropriate harvesting techniques are all vital for achieving optimal yields and quality in corn production. These practices not only ensure better growth but also contribute to sustainable agricultural development.