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Ningbo Materials is about improving the stability of perovskite/silicon stacked solar cells
Despite achieving impressive efficiencies of up to 33.2%, perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells face significant challenges in terms of long-term stability, particularly concerning the perovskite active layer. This issue remains a major hurdle for their commercial viability. Current strategies to enhance perovskite device stability often rely on packaging techniques, crystal engineering, defect passivation, and bandgap tuning. However, like "stress corrosion" seen in metals, glass, and polymers, unavoidable tensile stresses during fabrication and operation can still lead to time-dependent degradation of perovskites. On a microscopic scale, these stresses disrupt lead-halide orbital interactions, altering structural properties like bandgaps and carrier dynamics, lowering transition barriers, and facilitating defect creation and ion migration. Macroscopically, they also promote cracking and delamination, hastening perovskite degradation and reducing overall cell efficiency.
In response to these challenges, researchers from the Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering at the Chinese Academy of Sciences have achieved notable advancements in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. By introducing a long carbon chain anionic surfactant additive, they discovered its ability to optimize perovskite crystal growth via surface self-segregation and micelle formation. Additionally, this additive creates a gel-like framework at the grain boundaries, eliminating residual stress, reducing defects, and curbing ion migration while enhancing energy level alignment. These improvements enabled unencapsulated perovskite single-junction and tandem cells to retain 85.7% and 93.6% of their original performance, respectively, during prolonged light exposure under maximum power point tracking conditions.
This breakthrough was published in *Nature Communications* under the title "Long-chain Anionic Surfactants Enabling Stable Perovskite/Silicon Tandems with Greatly Suppressed Stress Corrosion." The study received funding from initiatives such as the National Key R&D Program, the Macao SAR Science and Technology Development Fund, and the University of Macau Research Fund.
[Image Description: Mechanism of stress corrosion inhibition by long-chain anionic surfactants (Part 1); testing the maximum power point working stability of perovskite single-junction (Medium) and perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (Part 2)]
This innovative approach not only addresses the critical issue of stress-induced degradation but also opens new avenues for developing more robust and efficient perovskite-based solar technologies. Future research will likely explore further optimization of these additives and investigate their potential applications in other photovoltaic systems.