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China will use scrap to replace iron ore on a large scale 10 years later.
Chi Jingdong, deputy secretary-general and chief analyst of China Iron and Steel Association, said that during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, China's steel reserves are expected to increase by more than 2.8 billion tons. It is expected that China will replace scrap iron ore on a large scale after 10 years, and the timing of developing electric furnace steel will gradually mature. According to the statistics of China Iron and Steel Association, in 2010, in China's steelmaking pig iron manufacturing cost increase, raw material costs increased by 66.7%; fuel power costs increased by 34.1%, while manufacturing costs fell by 1.0%. The profit margin of steel enterprises is at a low level, and the increase in the cost of raw fuel is the main factor for the increase in costs. Chi Jingdong pointed out that reducing iron and steel ratio is an important means for the steel industry to reduce energy consumption. Pig iron is a high-energy product. The high iron-steel ratio will inevitably lead to an increase in energy consumption in the steel industry. For every 0.1% increase in iron-steel ratio, the comprehensive energy consumption per ton of steel will increase by about 20 kg of standard coal. Compared with the production of 1 ton of steel with iron ore, the production of 1 ton of steel from scrap can save 1.3 tons of iron ore, reduce energy consumption by 350 kilograms of standard coal, and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 1.4 tons. Sulfur dioxide and smoke dust emissions are also mainly produced in long process production. Wang Zhenwu, executive vice president of China Waste Steel Application Association, said in the report that during the “11th Five-Year Plan†period, China’s average iron-steel ratio was 94%, Japan’s 74%, India’s 62%, South Korea’s 58%, and the United States’ 36%. Turkey is 26%. In 2009, except for China, the ratio of electric furnace steel to converter steel in world steel production was 0.87:1, while the ratio of electric furnace steel to converter steel in China's steel production was only 0.11:1. Chi Jingdong believes: "The best process for using scrap steel is electric furnace. However, due to the shortage of scrap steel resources, high prices and high electricity prices in China, under the existing conditions, the smelting cost of the same steel type converter process is relatively low. Therefore, in recent years, converters have been introduced. From the market point of view, the era of vigorously developing electric furnace steel has not yet arrived.†Analysis of the reasons, Chi Jingdong believes that developed countries have large steel reserves and abundant scrap resources, while China’s steel stocks are relatively low. The lack of scrap resources can not meet the needs of rapid growth in steel production. At the same time, most of China's steel is used in engineering and construction, and the recycling cycle is long. The scrap recycling cycle in this field needs at least 30 to 50 years. It is impossible to provide a large amount of scrap resources in 10 to 20 years, so the average recycling of scrap is The rate is much lower than that of industrial developed countries. At the same time, due to the extensive adoption of continuous casting technology and the advancement of metallurgical technology in recent years, the yield of metallurgical production has been continuously improved, and the amount of self-produced scrap has declined. Due to the lack of scrap steel resources in China, it is unable to meet the demand for scrap steel for electric furnace production, and only iron can be added to the electric furnace. This shortens the smelting cycle to a certain extent, and the smelting power consumption is reduced due to the introduction of heat into the molten iron. However, the iron making process consumes a lot of energy, which is not conducive to energy saving. In recent years, China's electric furnace iron and steel consumption has increased, and the scrap ratio has decreased significantly. According to preliminary estimates, if China's existing electric furnaces are not filled with molten iron, all of them are scraped with scrap steel, and the annual demand for scrap steel is about 70 million tons. There is still a big gap. Chi Jingdong believes that during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, as China's steel stocks increase, the amount of scrap steel will continue to grow, and this situation is expected to gradually improve. It is understood that from 1949 to 2000, the actual consumption of steel in China was 1.887 billion tons. After deducting domestic scrap consumption, the steel stock was about 1.467 billion tons. From 2001 to 2010, the actual consumption of steel was 3.496 billion tons. After deducting social scrap consumption, the steel stock was 2.906 billion tons. Since the founding of New China, China's steel reserves totaled about 4.373 billion tons, of which 66.45% increased in the past 10 years. According to Chi Jingdong, during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, according to the average demand for steel in China, it was 665 million tons/year, and the annual average growth rate of scrap production was 10%. The steel storage during the “12th Five-Year Plan†period is expected to increase by 2.8 billion tons. the above. According to this level, by 2015, China's steel stocks will reach more than 7.2 billion tons. If steel demand growth continues for a long period of time, deducting the amount of social scrap production, China's steel stocks will reach 9.5 billion tons to more than 10 billion tons by 2020. It takes about 8 to 30 years for steel to become scrap steel after use. It is expected that China will gradually enter the high-yield period of scrap steel after 10 years, and the shortage of scrap supply will be improved. It is reported that the “Twelfth Five-Year Development Plan for China's Waste Steel Industry†formulated by the China Association of Scrap Steel Applications proposes that: by 2015, China's steelmaking scrap ratio will reach 20%; in the next five years or even a longer period of time The annual scrap steel processing and distribution capacity of 200,000 tons to 1 million tons of scrap steel processing and distribution companies nationwide reaches 100, and the annual processing and distribution of scrap steel reaches 40 million tons to 50 million tons, accounting for the total waste steel consumption in the country. 50% of the amount. At the meeting, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Department of Resource Conservation and Environmental Protection, the Department of Energy Conservation and Comprehensive Utilization of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Department of Pollution Prevention of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, and the relevant person in charge of the General Administration of Customs introduced the policy orientation. The responsible persons of China Recycling Resources Recycling Association, China Material Recycling Association and China Ship Recycling Association introduced the situation and development ideas of China's renewable resources utilization from different angles and put forward suggestions. International Recycling Bureau, Japan Iron and Steel Recycling Industry Association, Korea Iron and Steel Industry Association and other international related industry management agencies, representatives of large enterprises attended the meeting. A total of about 400 representatives attended the meeting.