China's building energy efficiency is forced to change the door and window

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China's building energy efficiency is forced to change the door and window At the Second China Green Building Energy-Saving Windows and Doors Forum held in Gaobeidian, Hebei on August 10th, door and window companies have begun to face the change in the door and window market for building energy efficiency.

The energy-saving upgrade caused the increase in the cost of windows and doors. The incentive for the reform of the doors and windows market is the improvement of building energy efficiency standards.

This year, Beijing has taken the lead in implementing the 75% building energy efficiency standard and has raised the requirements for the heat transfer coefficient (K value) of doors and windows from 2.8W/m2·K to 1.5~2.0W/m2·K. Due to the driving effect of Beijing's policies, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, and Jiangsu have begun to gradually increase the building energy efficiency standards and pursue Beijing.

Ni Haiqiong, president of Hebei Aorun Shunda Window Industry Group, told the China Real Estate Daily that in the process of increasing the heat transfer coefficient of doors and windows from 2.8 to 1.5 to 2.0, the value of K will decrease by 100 yuan per square meter for every 0.1 door and window cost reduction.

The most important impact of rising costs is the broken aluminum doors and windows used in the Beijing market. According to surveys, at present, the broken bridge aluminum doors and windows with a K value of 2.8 are currently priced at seven hundred eighty yuan. If the K value is 2.0, the material cost will increase by nearly 1,000 yuan per square meter, and the entire window will be sold at 1200. ~1300 yuan/square meter. This price has no advantage compared with wood windows.

According to Mao Xinbo, general manager of Zhejiang Yadeju Energy Saving & Environmental Protection Door & Window Co., Ltd., in view of the heat transfer coefficient of aluminum materials, if the K value of broken aluminum doors and windows reaches 2.0 or even 1.5, technically it can be done, but at a cost Too high is meaningless.

"From a cost perspective, aluminum bridges do not have the advantage of energy-saving doors and windows." Ni Haiqiong said that Aurunsenda's current product line is mainly wood windows and broken bridge aluminum doors and windows, with the improvement of building energy-saving standards, and now the window The sales volume began to rise, and the broken aluminum doors and windows may only be used as supporting projects in the future, and will gradually reduce production.

The sales pattern of the market may change. In fact, the pace of energy conservation in China's windows and doors is based on Europe and is basically based on Germany. The current K value standard for German doors and windows is 1.3, which will reach 1.0 after 2013.

Under such a high energy efficiency standard for buildings, the German window and door market is dominated by plastic windows, supplemented by aluminum windows and wooden windows. The proportion of plastic windows is approximately 60%. Different from the German market, at this stage China's door and window market is dominated by broken aluminum doors and windows, but this pattern is changing.

Wood windows have natural advantages in building energy conservation. According to the data, the difference between the conduction coefficient of wooden windows and aluminum profiles is 1200 times. The common insulating glass for aluminum cladding doors and windows can basically meet the requirements of the heat transfer coefficient K value of 2.0 to 2.2. The K value of the heat transfer coefficient of the matched single-piece Low-E glass can reach 1.8 or less.

However, the cost of wooden windows is slightly higher. Currently, the price of wooden windows is 1,500 to 1,600 yuan per square meter. Currently, the price of aluminum windows in the Beijing market is 700 to 800 yuan per square meter, which is almost twice as expensive.

Wooden window positioning is high-end and high-priced, broken aluminum doors and windows can not meet the high standards of energy-saving requirements, choose what profile of the door and window products become the developer's most headaches.

Some people have proposed using plastic windows, high-performance plastic windows are very cost-effective. Plastic window heat transfer coefficient can reach 1.1 or less, plastic window heat transfer coefficient of 2.0 or less in the 700 to 800 yuan per square meter. But the developers bluntly said, "When you mention the project, you buy plastic windows, and the selling points are gone."

In the early 90s of the last century, plastic windows were introduced. However, at the time, plastic window companies were blindly pursuing quantity, blindly reducing the quality of materials, and reducing the use of materials, the plastic window market would be confused.

“The domestic plastic window is facing an embarrassing situation.” According to Ni Haiqiong, recently the owners of several large enterprises producing plastic windows opened several meetings in China’s International City of Doors and Windows in Gaobeidian, Hebei Province, intending to establish a high-performance door and window alliance, and As a national high-performance plastic door and window display training base, the city has slowly reversed the current situation with points.

Tong Yuezhong, deputy head of the China Real Estate Research Association, said that with the rational return of the real estate market, both developers and consumers have begun to pay attention to the nature of the product, hoping that domestic plastic window manufacturers will actually produce in accordance with high standards and restore plastic windows. reputation.


In Petro and chemical industry for flange connections Stud Bolts and Hex Bolts are used. 


The quantity of bolts for a flange connection will be given by the number of bolt holes in a flange, diameter and length of bolts is dependent of flange type and Pressure Class of flange.

Stud Bolt length are defined in Asme B16.5 standard. The length in inches is equal to the effective thread length measured parallel to the axis, from the first to the first thread without the chamfers (points). First thread is defined as the intersection of the major diameter of the thread with the base of the point.




1)  Standards: 

Based on DIN  & ANSI   & JIS & IFI

and per drwing

2) Material:   carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel
3) bolt  Size:  M4-M42,3/8"--7/8"
4) bolt  Surface: Plain,Zinc ,HDG,DAC,Geomet
5) bolt Thread: UNC, UNF, Metric Thread
6) bolt Quality control : ISO 9001
7) bolt Package : Small box ,Poly Bag,Carton+Pallet

Grades of Stud Bolts

Below a table with materials and grades for flanges, thread rods (bolts) and nuts, arranged on design temperature, flanges, thread rods and recommended nuts.

DESIGN
TEMP.
FLANGES GRADE
THREAD RODS
GRADE
NUTS
-195° to 102°C ASTM A182
Gr. F304, F304L, F316,
F316L, F321, F347
A320 Gr.B8 Class2 A194 Gr.8A
-101° to -47°C ASTM A350
Gr.LF3
A320 Gr.L7 A194 Gr.7
-46° to -30°C ASTM A350
Gr.LF2
A320 Gr.L7 A194 Gr.7
-29° to 427°C ASTM A105 A193 Gr.B7 A194 Gr.2H
428° to 537°C ASTM A182
Gr.F11, F22
A193 Gr.B16 A194 Gr.2H
538° to 648°C ASTM A182
Gr.F11, F22
A193 Gr.B8 Class1 A194 Gr.8A
649° to 815°C ASTM A182
Gr. F304H, F316H
A193 Gr.B8 Class1 A194 Gr.8A
DESIGN
TEMP.
FLG'S GRADE
THREAD RODS
GRADE
NUTS




Bolts & Nuts

Stud Bolts, Heavy Nuts, Stud Bolts With 2 Nuts, Hex Bolts, 2H HDG Nuts, Galvanized Bolts and Nuts

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