The emergence of pesticides provides a good guarantee for the development of agriculture. The use of herbicides not only saves time but also is simple and quick. Therefore, herbicides are widely used. However, if the herbicide is not scientifically abused, it will also have a negative effect on crop growth. (Small series reminds you that the rainy season is the period of weeds, and it is also the season with the most herbicides and the high incidence of phytotoxicity.)
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The main causes of phytotoxicity:
The problem of pesticide damage caused by herbicide drift caused by non-target crops and spraying of herbicides is commonplace. 24-D butyl ester is the most used herbicide in wheat field. Because of its strong volatility, serious drifting and high residue, it is easy to drift and harm neighboring cotton, beans and vegetables during the process of weed control. Sensitive crops such as fruit trees. If the sprayer sprayed with the herbicide is not thoroughly cleaned, and other pesticides are added to control the above-mentioned crop pests and diseases, herbicide phytotoxicity may also occur.
Some herbicides do not exhibit phytotoxicity on seasonal crops, and residual pesticides often endanger crops. For example, the use of simazine to control weeds in corn fields is good. If the cultivar is planted with rape, the seed germination and emergence will be slow, and the apical bud sheath will become brown or rot, which will have a great impact on the yield. For example, when wheat is sprayed with wheat straw, it does not cause phytotoxicity, while when planting summer peanuts, the young roots will be hypertrophied and rotted, and the seedlings will be yellow and gradually die, resulting in severe yield reduction.
Improper use of the agent causes damage to the target crop. In particular, phytotoxicity caused by the use of the variety is not correct, the dosage is increased arbitrarily, and the application of the drug during the sensitive period of the crop occurs. Excessive application of herbicides in rice will result in loose plant type, tilting of tillers, brown spots on leaves, formation of onion tube leaves, and dwarfing of plants, resulting in severe yield reduction. After the wheat enters the jointing stage, it is very sensitive to the herbicide. If the herbicide or the ethyl 4-chloro chloride is used, it is easy to cause the wheat ear deformity.
For the causes of herbicide phytotoxicity, the following measures can be taken to avoid phytotoxicity:
To choose the right variety of each herbicide has a strict range of use, different crops need different varieties of herbicides, even if the same crop in different growth stages, different mites need different herbicides. For example, butachlor and acetochlor, although only one word difference, the former applies to paddy fields and the latter applies to dry fields. Therefore, when purchasing the medicine, you must choose the label to indicate the object that needs to be controlled, and the method of use is suitable for you. When several varieties are available for selection, it is necessary to use a variety of products with good efficacy, low toxicity, low residue and good safety. It is necessary to use new varieties with caution, and for new varieties that have not been used, you can conduct a small-area test first, or understand the results of the surrounding users before deciding whether to use them or not.
Strictly according to the dosage and method specified in the manual, the dosage should not be increased or decreased at will, and it should not be sprayed or leaked. The author has seen many farmers "hate the grass and not die" and increase the amount at will. There are also some pesticide distributors who use the means of improving the control effect to pull back the customers to achieve the purpose of multi-sales, and recommend high-concentration herbicides to farmers. It is not uncommon to increase the concentration and dosage at will, causing phytotoxicity. For example, if the cotton field uses the pre-emergence herbicide acetochlor, the prescribed amount per acre is 100-150 grams, and many people increase the dosage per acre to 200-250 grams, and the phytotoxicity causes the cotton deficiency to reach 2~3. to make.