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Sapphire glass is not really glass. It is made of fine alumina powder and put into the oxyhydrogen flame, so it is more accurate to synthesize sapphire. This method was invented by the French chemist Auguste Werner in 1902.
Sapphire is a generic name for corundum gemstones other than red ruby. It is mainly composed of alumina and is a trigonal system. Sapphire crystals are generally transparent to translucent and have a glossy glass. The sapphire crystal used in mobile phones is colorless due to its high purity. 
The biggest characteristic of sapphire crystal is extremely hard, and its Mohs mineral hardness is 9, which is the same as the hardness of titanium carbide. If there is no concept for this value, you can refer to the hardness of other more common materials. For example, talc (the softest mineral known) has a Mohs hardness of 1, while a diamond is 10. It can be seen how high the hardness of sapphire is.
Sapphire glass screen comes
Sapphire glass is the new clear screen material that Apple introduced when the iPhone 5s was released. It is currently only used on a small part of the iPhone, the Touch ID fingerprint sensor for the iPhone 5s. Sapphire glass is used to make a perspective mini screen, and below the screen is a lens for scanning fingerprints. According to Apple, the button is made of sapphire glass, one of the clearest and hardest materials known to man, to protect the sensor and act as a lens.
But rumors, Apple is likely not to limit the use of sapphire to a small part. At the latest annual shareholder meeting, Apple's boss Tim Cook revealed that sapphire glass will be used in the next secret project. Cook said that the plant in Arizona will be used for "exploitation of existing products" and "development of future products." "Research and development of future products" definitely includes the iPhone 6. Given Apple's size and size of investment in Arizona, it is sure to plan to extend the application of sapphire crystals from the Touch ID Home button to the entire screen.
In addition to the rumors, there are practical actions. Apple last year signed a $576 million supply contract with GT Advanced Technologies. This huge investment implies that the iPhone 6 will use the new sapphire screen or use it on an iwatch sports watch. And GTAT said that their new sapphire furnace can produce high-quality, large-area sapphire substrates to meet the needs of the most advanced sapphire materials, such as high-brightness LEDs, consumer electronics and industrial applications.
The most glamorous sapphire screen is its scratch resistance. At the 2013 Mobile World Summit, field personnel demonstrated the use of concrete blocks to scrape sapphire glass screens with Gorilla Glass 2 generations. As a result, the sapphire glass was not damaged, and the gorilla glass was destroyed for 2 generations.
So when Apple is gearing up and wants to make a lot of new sapphire glass with high hardness and good scratch resistance, it is naturally inevitably blamed by its rival, the gorilla glass manufacturer Corning, the current iPhone and most other smart phones. The display used is a gorilla glass.
What is gorilla glass?
Sapphire glass itself does not contain glass, but gorilla glass does consist of glass. In its production process, the glass is placed in a vessel containing molten salt. During the cooling process, the sodium ions in the glass exchange with the potassium ions in the molten salt, which results in a glass with good scratch resistance. Floor.
To put it bluntly, the fate of Gorilla Glass is quite rough and legendary.
The predecessor of Gorilla Glass was an organic glass-ceramic that was inadvertently invented by Corning's Donald Stukey in 1952 due to experimental errors. On this basis, Corning introduced Chemcor Glass (the gorilla glass is an improved version) in 1962 and sold it to the windshield. It is a pity that the promotion of Chemcor glass is very difficult because the price is too expensive and the performance is relatively unprominent. As a result, Corning has been in the snow for 34 years. Until 2005, Corning re-launched the "Gorilla Glass" project (also known as Gorilla Glass), trying to reduce the thickness of Chemcor glass as a screen for smartphones. However, progress has been small, Corning cannot reduce the thickness of Chemcor glass and has better visibility.
Interestingly, the gorilla glass is not based on others, it is Apple CEO Joe.
At the time, Joe helped the owner think that the iPhone's display should be made of glass instead of plastic glass. However, ordinary glass touch screens are easy to leave scratches, which makes the pursuit of perfect Joe helpers very angry. So, after introduction, Jobs took a fancy to Corning's Gorilla Glass project and discussed the matter with President Corning in 2006. At the time, Jobs fell in love with the gorilla glass at first sight, and he was eager to use Gorilla Glass for the iPhone's display screen within six months. Under the pressure of Apple, Corning successfully developed the Gorilla Glass and eventually became a hit. Since then, in just a few years, gorilla glass has been applied to more than 750 products such as smart TVs, mobile phones, and notebooks.
Can't you play well?
Now, the little friends who have been happy to play together claim to find another new love, which makes the gorilla glass very unhappy.
Corning's vice president, Tony Trepani, cited the shortcomings of sapphire glass in the global technology media and telecom conference call:
1: In terms of cost, sapphire glass is 10 times more than gorillas. Sapphire glass requires four thousand times more time to produce gorilla glass, and temperature requirements are much higher than gorilla glass. Its relatively high hardness also makes it more difficult to synthesize and more expensive. In the crystal growth process, if there is a defect in the boundary, it must be "cut" off, which will double the unit cost.
2: It is seriously polluted by the environment and consumes 100 times more resources than gorilla glass.
3: Poor light transmission, which means that under the same lighting conditions, the sapphire glass screen is darker, or consumes more energy and increases its brightness.
4: Although the scratch resistance is better, it is very easy to break; Corning also announced a test video of Gorilla Glass 3 and sapphire glass, showing that the gorilla glass broke after the two materials were subjected to the same degree of wear. The force is three times the force applied to break the sapphire glass.
Obviously, in the eyes of Corning, sapphire glass is so costly in terms of wear resistance, but the cost is high, and the most important thing is very brittle.
However, because these claims and data come from competitors, their credibility has been greatly reduced.
Although the cost of sapphire glass is currently ten times that of gorilla glass, this embarrassment may change soon after full production. Some industry insiders estimate that the cost of sapphire glass after mass production will be reduced by at least half. And Apple will directly control production, which is where to attract Cook (Apple CEO).
As for environmental pollution, there is also controversy. There is a comment on the MOTELY FOOL website that Apple's factory will use renewable resources, but how much renewable energy does Corning use to produce gorilla glass?
Compared with gorilla glass, sapphire glass has dropped by a few percentage points in terms of light transmittance, but the screen and battery model of Apple's latest products are more effective than the original ones, which can make up for the lack of light transmittance.
Between the thoughts: the battle between sapphire and gorilla glass
Abstract What is sapphire glass? How is it made? Sapphire glass is not really glass. It is made of fine alumina powder and put into oxyhydrogen flame, so it is more accurate to synthesize sapphire. This method was the French chemist O...
What is sapphire glass and how is it made? Sapphire structure diagram