Flat Field Holographic Concave Grating The Concave Grating has the advantage of being able to constitute a spectroscopic system without any assistance from concave mirrors or similar types of image-forming elements. For this reason,the Concave Grating is used in a wide range of applications, such as analytical instruments,optical communications,biotechnology,and medical instruments. Spectroscopes incorporating concave gratings are classified roughly into two groups: polychromators or monochromators. Please contact us for Customing Sizes and types of gratings. Holographic gratings: Flat Field Holographic Concave Grating,Flat Field Concave Grating,Spherical Holographic Grating,Aberration Corrected Holographic Grating China Star Optics Technology Co.,Ltd. , https://www.csoptlens.com
China star optics can provide customers with a variety of replicated grating products such as diffraction gratings, reflective gratings,holographic gratings,concave gratings etc. to meet different needs. Maximum ruled area is up to 300x300mm2 for plane ruled diffraction gratings. For replicated diffraction and transmission gratings the ruling density can be from 20 grooves per millimeter to 2400 grooves per millimeter, wavelength from 0.2 micron to 25 microns.Â
Specifications:
Ruled area: <=70 * 70mmÂ
Wavelength range: 0.2-0.8umÂ
Grooves per mm: 1,200 to 3,600L/mm
Diffraction: >70%Â
Ruled gratings:
Specifications:
Ruled area: <=70 * 70mmÂ
Wavelength range: 0.2-15umÂ
Grooves per mm: 50 to 2,400L/mmÂ
Diffraction: >70%
Concave gratings:
Specifications:
Ruled area: <=70 * 70mmÂ
Wavelength range: 200 to 900umÂ
Grooves per mm: 490 to 1,200L/mmÂ
Diffraction: >70%
PV crisis drags down Japanese companies
The solar industry in Japan is facing a severe crisis as falling solar cell prices have led to the bankruptcy of several manufacturers. With global overcapacity and intense price competition, many companies are struggling to survive. The shift from upstream to downstream operations has become a common trend, raising questions about whether oversupply will ease or if more firms will collapse before that happens. The battle for survival continues as manufacturers fight to stay afloat.
The PVJapan 2012 exhibition, held from December 5 to 7 at the MEI Conference and Exhibition Center in Chiba Makuhari, attracted over 10,000 visitors daily. Despite the high attendance, some areas of the exhibition remained empty, including the space where YOCASOL, a former solar cell manufacturer, was supposed to showcase its products.
Just one week before the event, on November 29, YOCASOL filed for civil rehabilitation under Japanese law. This came after years of declining demand, especially in Europe, and sharp price cuts that hit the sector hard. YOCASOL had previously been the Fukuoka factory of MSK, a mid-sized Japanese solar company. In 2006, it was acquired by Suntech Power, the world’s largest solar cell producer at the time. Soon after the acquisition, Suntech shut down the Fukuoka plant.
MSK had been a well-established player since 1984, known for its technical expertise and strong market presence. “Back then, when demand was high and the market was growing, closing the factory seemed unthinkable,†said a former MSK employee. To prevent job losses, employees initiated an Employee Buyout (EBO), with support from local business revitalization funds and Marubeni, leading to the formation of YOCASOL.
Initially, YOCASOL thrived thanks to its OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) business. However, as European demand slowed and OEM orders dropped, the company faced mounting difficulties. Sales peaked at around 7.9 billion yen in the 2008 fiscal year but plummeted to just 1.3 billion yen by 2011. With debts reaching approximately 2.46 billion yen, the company could no longer recover on its own.
Industry experts point out that YOCASOL's reliance on OEMs without building its own brand contributed to its downfall. While residential solar panels offer higher margins, they are constrained by government-subsidized pricing. In 2011, YOCASOL launched its own brand, AOSolar, but failed to establish a reliable warranty and after-sales service system, making it difficult to compete.
The global solar market, which reached around 30 GW in size, faces a major imbalance with production capacity exceeding 50 GW. Prices have dropped sharply—polysilicon modules fell from $1.6 per watt in January 2011 to below $0.7 per watt by November 2012. Companies like Germany’s Q-Cells, once a top producer, also went bankrupt in 2012, while Chinese firms faced similar challenges.
In Japan, major players such as Mitsubishi Heavy Industries abandoned their solar businesses, and companies like SUMCO and JFE exited raw material markets. Even Sharp’s joint venture with Nippon Steel Materials ceased operations in 2012, with plans to dissolve entirely by 2014.
While resolving overcapacity will take time, the solar industry still holds potential for innovation and long-term growth. For Japanese manufacturers, adapting through technological advancement may be the only path forward, even if it comes at great cost.