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First, the characteristics of various types of fertilizer
(1) Livestock and poultry manure are all nutrients, and appropriate application can increase production. The nutrient content of livestock manure is comprehensive, organic matter and almost all of medium, medium and trace elements, especially the content of organic matter can reach more than 90%. It is essential for improving soil, rooting, high quality and high yield. Livestock and poultry manure is a slow-acting fertilizer. The fertilizer effect is long-lasting and slow. It needs to be absorbed by the crop after the microbial decomposition and transformation. In the winter and spring, it usually takes 15-20 days to exert the fertilizer effect. Because of the stamina, it can inhibit premature aging. Because livestock and poultry fertilizers contain more amino acids and aromatic substances, proper application has a greater impact on the color, luster, and sweetness of the fruit. It is good to stick to the fertilizer of livestock and poultry. prove.
The mineral nutrients contained in livestock manure are not too high, that is, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, etc. are limited, especially nitrogen is lost in the process of decomposing, and the content is insufficient, which is far from meeting the needs of crops. Therefore, we must grasp two points. First, the amount of fertilization should be large. According to Shouguang's experience, generally 10 yuan per mu of foundation is applied. Second, it is necessary to promptly apply fertilizer after the initial fruit period to supplement the lack of chemical elements. Rice husk chicken and duck manure have lower nutrient content, and it is also possible to apply more than 20 square meters per acre. However, if it is applied for a large number of years, it can cause deep soil-borne diseases and the main roots of the crops are dark brown and necrotic. Poultry manure can not be used fresh, must be fully decomposed and applied. Through decomposing, most harmful bacteria and pest eggs can be killed, and harmful gases can be decomposed and discharged. Otherwise, fat can be burned, and some can cause significant losses. The poultry manure after decomposing can not only be used as micro-fertilizer, but also a good topdressing. It can be applied with water for many times, and has a significant effect on preventing premature aging and increasing yield. The advantage is that fertilizer can not be compared. The livestock manure is used as the base fertilizer or top dressing, and it is best to cooperate with the ternary compound fertilizer.
(2) The effect of biological bacterial fertilizer is large, and it is up to it to change soil and root.
With the heavy planting of greenhouse vegetables, the accumulation of soil-borne diseases and self-toxic substances is becoming more and more serious, especially as soil particles adsorb more and more mineral elements, showing insoluble compounds, causing soil salinization. To change the situation of soil deterioration, it is obviously difficult to rely solely on chemical pesticides for soil treatment. Soil problems can be effectively solved by the application of biological fertilizer. First of all, if the amount of Bacillus or yeast in the bacterial fertilizer reaches a sufficient amount, a certain beneficial flora will be formed. The beneficial bacteria in the rhizosphere of the crop can limit the reproductive infestation of harmful microorganisms, inhibit or " Eat "harmful bacteria, so it has the effect of preventing soil-borne diseases. The second is the self-toxic substances that can decompose crops, such as Bacillus, and can also decompose the mineral elements that have been fixed in the soil, so that the nutrients that cannot be absorbed by the crops for many years are repeatedly intensified and utilized, and thus the salt content in the soil is gradually reduced. To achieve the purpose of reducing salinization.
The number of effective bacteria in the biological bacterial fertilizer, that is, the number of viable bacteria is an important indicator for judging the pros and cons of the bacterial fertilizer, and it is generally better to have more than 200 million per gram of live bacteria. The number of viable cells is closely related to the mother liquor or matrix of the bacterial fertilizer. If the matrix contains more nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the number of viable bacteria cannot be too high, because the change of pH and the insufficient nutrient of the matrix may make the beneficial bacteria unable to survive. In addition, soil moisture and ground temperature are also important factors limiting the action of biological bacteria. When buying bio-fertilizer, one must look at the brand, such as anti-bacterial 968, Sanju microbial agent, Dayuan, Sanzhong micro-fertilizer and so on. The second is to look at the content of beneficial bacteria. In general, the more live bacteria, the better. The third is to look at the date of manufacture, and the content of the semi-annual period is longer than the storage time.
The application of biological bacterial fertilizer includes base application, acupoint application, ditch application and flushing. The application should pay attention to soil moisture. When the soil moisture is large, the biological bacteria can reproduce and expand. Secondly, the soil temperature should be suitable. The ground temperature is too high or too low to affect the survival and function of the beneficial bacteria. Generally, it is not suitable to exceed 35 °C or lower than 12 °C. Therefore, the high temperature suffocation cannot be carried out after using the biological bacterial fertilizer. The biological fertilizer can be mixed with organic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer is also used as a substrate for beneficial bacteria to provide more nutrients and enhance its activity. However, it must be used with caution when mixing with chemical fertilizers, especially for acupoints and ditch. When applying and applying, the amount of chemical fertilizer must be less. In addition, after the use of biological bacterial fertilizer, it is generally not possible to use rooting and rinsing with fungicides, especially antibiotics and copper preparations.
Main types of fertilizer used in greenhouses and precautions
There are many types of fertilizer used in greenhouses, which are classified into organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers according to the type of use. According to the method of use, it is divided into base fertilizer and top dressing. Shouguang shed vegetable base fertilizer is generally chicken, duck, pig fat, soybean meal, soybean and supplemented with some fertilizer. What kind of fertilizer should be used and what should be used? The author puts forward the following suggestions based on recent investigations.
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