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Early rice transplanting should promptly control water to increase fertilization and pest control
Due to continuous heavy rainfall, many rice fields this year have suffered from waterlogging disasters, causing damage to the roots of rice plants and even leading to the death of seedlings. Immediate measures must be taken to mitigate the damage and help the crops recover.
After being affected by flooding, the early rice showed a significant increase in black and yellow roots. It was observed that within 5–6 days after transplanting hybrid early rice, the ratio of black and yellow roots exceeded 90%. By day 10, the root damage became even more severe, with some roots dying entirely. As the water receded, the leaves, tillers, main stems, and secondary tillers began to rot. The first to show signs of rot were the leaves submerged in water, followed by the flooded heart leaves, then the tillers and main stems. This rotting caused numerous defects, significantly reducing the number of healthy early rice seedlings.
Post-disaster, the leaves of early rice became smaller, plant height decreased, and dry matter accumulation was severely impacted. More notably, after the flooding, the number of high tillers increased, and surviving plants started to tiller with their heart leaves. Some even developed tillers on elongated stem nodes. Additionally, the growth period was delayed, with the heading stage extending as the duration of flooding increased. For instance, fields flooded for 3–5 days experienced a delay of 1–2 days in heading and maturity, while those flooded for 7 days showed a delay of 2–3 days, with some cases exceeding 5 days.
Due to insufficient spike numbers, the tillering position rose, the ear size reduced, and the 1000-grain weight declined, resulting in a significant drop in yield per mu. In severe cases, yield losses reached up to 80%.
To address the current situation of early rice flooding, the following management strategies should be implemented:
First, drain the water quickly to expose the seedlings as soon as possible and minimize the time they remain underwater. During drainage, if the weather is sunny, avoid excessive temperature increases. Maintain a shallow water layer to prevent the emergence of dead or weak seedlings. After the water recedes, remove the damaged and yellow leaves.
Second, manage water levels effectively. Once the water has receded, the field remains saturated. Drainage ditches should be dug to allow excess water to seep out, helping solidify the muddy soil and promote new root development. Adopt a dry-wet irrigation method to ensure adequate water supply while improving soil aeration and encouraging root growth at the upper nodes.
Third, apply quick-acting fertilizers. Most early rice this year was affected during the tillering stage. A "one chase, one supplement" approach can be used, with nitrogen-based fertilizer combined with phosphorus and potassium. After 3 days of drainage, apply 5–6 kg of urea and potassium chloride per mu. Foliar spraying with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1–2 times) can also help restore plant growth and meet nutrient needs, especially for severely damaged areas. For panicle development, apply 4–6 kg of urea per acre, and when the earing reaches 20%, use 0.75–1 g of "920" per acre to promote heading.
Fourth, monitor and control pests and diseases. Flooding can lead to an outbreak of bacterial diseases such as bacterial stripe and blight. Practice proper irrigation and fertilization, and avoid cross-irrigation to maintain shallow water levels. The tender new leaves and pupae that emerge after flooding are vulnerable to rice leaf rollers, while delayed growth increases the risk of infestation by planthoppers and stem borers. Therefore, timely pest control and monitoring of late rice blast are essential.
(Cao Dihuan, Rural Office of Qijiang City, Hunan Province)
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