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Early rice transplanting should promptly control water to increase fertilization and pest control
Due to prolonged heavy rainfall this year, many rice fields have suffered from waterlogging disasters, causing damage to the roots of rice plants and even leading to the death of seedlings. Immediate measures must be taken to mitigate the damage and support recovery.
After being submerged, the roots of early rice showed a significant increase in black and yellow roots. It was observed that within 5–6 days after transplanting hybrid early rice, the ratio of black and yellow roots exceeded 90%. By day 10, the root damage became more severe, with some roots dying off entirely. As the water receded, the leaves, tillers, and main stems began to rot, starting with the leaves submerged in water. The heart leaves were also affected, followed by the tillers and main stems. This rotting process caused extensive damage, resulting in a noticeable decrease in the number of healthy seedlings.
Post-disaster, the early rice plants exhibited smaller leaves, reduced plant height, and impaired dry matter accumulation. More notably, after the flooding, some surviving plants developed high tillers and grew new tillers from the elongated stem nodes. The growth period was delayed, with heading and maturity stages postponed depending on the duration of submersion. For instance, fields flooded for 3–5 days experienced a delay of 1–2 days in heading and maturity, while those flooded for 7 days saw a delay of 2–3 days, with some cases extending beyond 5 days.
The reduced number of panicles, higher tillering positions, smaller ear size, and lower 1000-grain weight led to significant yield losses, with some areas experiencing up to an 80% reduction. In response to these challenges, the following management strategies should be implemented:
First, drain the water as quickly as possible to expose the seedlings to air and minimize the time they remain submerged. During drainage, if sunny weather follows, avoid excessive temperature increases. Maintain a shallow water layer to prevent seedling death. After the water recedes, remove any rotten or yellow leaves to promote recovery.
Second, manage irrigation effectively. Once the water level drops, ensure proper drainage to reduce soil moisture and help solidify the mud formed by flooding. This will encourage new root development. Use a dry-wet irrigation method to maintain soil aeration and support root growth. During low-temperature periods, maintain deep water levels during the grain-filling stage to avoid premature drying.
Third, apply quick-acting fertilizers. Most early rice fields were affected during the tillering phase. A "one chase, one supplement" approach is recommended, focusing on nitrogen fertilizer with additional phosphorus and potassium. Apply 5–6 kg of urea and potassium chloride per mu three days after drainage. Foliar spraying with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1–2 times can enhance nutrient uptake, improve photosynthesis, and accelerate recovery. For severely damaged fields, increase fertilizer application to support panicle development. Apply 4–6 kg of urea per acre, and when the ears are 20% developed, use 0.75–1 g of "920" per acre to promote heading.
Fourth, monitor and control pests and diseases. Flooding increases the risk of bacterial infections such as bacterial blight and bacterial stripe disease. Implement proper irrigation and fertilization practices to avoid cross-contamination. After the flood, tender leaves and new growth are more vulnerable to rice leaf rollers. Delayed growth also increases the likelihood of infestations by planthoppers and stem borers. Therefore, timely pest control is essential, along with monitoring for late rice blast.
(Cao Dihuan, Rural Office of Qijiang City, Hunan Province)
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