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Orchard water saving irrigation method
According to reports, China's total water resources are 2.8 trillion cubic meters, and its per capita possession is about 2,200 cubic meters, which is classified as a poor country in the world. Farmland irrigation water accounts for 95% of agricultural water use. In the northern region (north of Huanghuai), there is a serious shortage of water resources, accounting for only 19% of the cultivated land area and only 19% of the water resources. Due to the large number of mountainous areas in China, the hillside orchards account for the majority, and most of them have no irrigation conditions. In terms of seasons, winter rain and snow are scarce, and spring drought (March-May) occurs frequently in the northern regions. During this period, most fruit trees grow vigorously, and the water demand is large. The spring drought has a great impact on the growth and development of fruit trees. If spring irrigation (March-May) 1-3 times can increase production by about 10%-30%, winter irrigation and early spring irrigation before winter trees (February-March) are extremely important for cold insulation and replenishing early spring water demand, which is an increase in production. Important measures. There are many kinds of fruit trees in the southern fruit producing areas, such as evergreen fruit trees (citrus, banana, pineapple, lychee, bayberry, alfalfa, etc.) and a considerable number of deciduous fruit trees (pear, peach, plum, plum, persimmon, chestnut, etc.) in early spring. (December to February next year) need to be flooded, sometimes suffering from early spring drought (usually January-March) and drought at the turn of summer and autumn (usually August-October, especially "floating drought") threat, which has a great impact on increasing production. Despite the abundance of water in the South, most mountain orchards are often affected by drought due to lack of irrigation. If water-saving irrigation and water conservation measures can be adopted, it is expected to increase production and income. Recently, water-saving irrigation technology promoted in various places can generally save 60%-80% of water (than flood irrigation), and should increase efforts to increase investment in orchards and improve efficiency. This article describes several common water-saving irrigation techniques. 1. Hole storage fertilizer and film coating technology. The northern and southern fruit producing areas have been widely promoted. It has the advantages of less investment, labor saving, simplicity and high efficiency. Technically, it can be adapted to local conditions and flexibly. The main point is: after the spring soil in the northern orchard is thawed (in the south, regardless of the season), 4-8 round earth holes are dug under the canopy, the hole diameter is about 30 cm, the depth is 30-40 cm, and the middle of the hole is tight and soaked with water ( Or fertilizer, the grass handle, then use 50 grams of urea, 50-100 grams of superphosphate, 50-100 grams of potassium chloride (or quite effective compound fertilizer), mix with the soil, fill the grass around, cover the soil 2 Cm, with the foot steady, and then cover the mulch, a hole above, used as an inlet for future watering and fertilization, usually the hole is covered with earth and stone. 2, seepage irrigation. It is a kind of irrigation method that uses pipe white to face water seepage. It is a good measure with less investment, labor saving, and simple, and does not damage the soil structure. It can save water by 60%-80% than flood irrigation. Irrigation equipment usually includes a seepage tank, a seepage pipe, and a part of the valve. The seepage pool is set in the orchard and is made of brick and cement. The general pool has a radius of 1.5 meters, a height of 2 meters, and a water capacity of about 13 tons. The main pipe is installed at a distance of 10 cm from the bottom of the pool. Valves are installed on it, and a filter screen is installed on each of the seepage pipes to prevent the pipes from being blocked. The percolation pipe is made of plastic pipe with a diameter of 2 cm. Each hole is placed at a distance of 40-70 cm. Three holes of the size of the needle are used as water-permeable holes on both sides and above. The J-frame tree of the water pipe is laid on the sides of the fruit tree. .5 meters away, the laying depth is 20-40 cm, generally 1-1.5 tons per acre. In order to prevent the water seepage hole from being blocked by the root of the fruit tree, a plastic pipe sheath slightly thicker than the water pipe may be installed at each water seepage hole. 3. Drip irrigation. More suitable for mountain orchards. It is promoted in all parts of the north and south. About 60% - 70% of water saving, a little more investment. Including large reservoirs and complete sets of drip irrigation machinery and equipment, can be purchased from professional departments, technical attention to prevent pipeline blockage. 4. Sprinkler irrigation and micro sprinkler irrigation. Sprinkler irrigation is more suitable for flat orchards, both north and south orchards. Can purchase a complete set of equipment and expertise, and invest a lot. Micro sprinkler irrigation is an improved device for sprinkler irrigation technology including water source (aqueous pump and machine room), filtration system, automatic control area (mainly automatic irrigation and electric valve), irrigation area (including branch pipe, capillary tube and nozzle), and special equipment can be purchased. technology. 5, collecting rain and irrigation. Both north and south. All localities can be adapted to local conditions. The principle is to collect the ineffective precipitation in the rainy season and turn it into effective precipitation. The practice is: build a rainwater collection tank with a volume of about 50 cubic meters on the ground (no matter what size). The irrigation technology that has been promoted in Shanxi Jincheng belongs to this irrigation method. The main point is: the general 1333-2000 square meters orchard can be equipped with a dry well. The well is 5 meters deep, 4 meters below the diameter, 2 meters in the middle, 80 cm in the wellhead, and can store about 30 tons of water. The structure of the well can be cement or "three or seven soils" (lime and local red clay mixed 3:7). The well is built on the ground and has a water inlet. The above-mentioned water raft is internally treated with cement or red plastic mud to prevent seepage. A water tower can be built with a 2 meter high water tower. Usually connected to the percolation system. It can also be lifted and pressurized by mechanical (pump) method and matched with micro-sprinkler irrigation.
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